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The tobacco industry, once a significant economic force, has shifted from being a respected trade to being recognized as a major cause of death and disease worldwide. While early 20th-century products included cigars and chewing tobacco, cigarettes dramatically increased in popularity, accounting for about 80% of the global tobacco market by the end of the century.1

Tobacco products contain over 4,000 chemical compounds, including nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, and various additives. Nicotine is highly addictive, while carbon monoxide strains the cardiovascular system by reducing oxygen in the blood. The harmful effects extend to non-smokers through secondhand smoke.1

In response to mounting evidence of harm, public policy has increasingly focused on tobacco control. This includes price increases, advertising restrictions, health warnings, and bans on smoking in public places. Litigation has also played a crucial role, revealing the industry's knowledge of its products' addictive and deadly nature. Despite these efforts, tobacco use remains a significant global health concern, particularly in developing countries.231

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