thermal processing

Thermal processing for desalination involves using heat to separate salt from water. The most common method is distillation, which mimics the natural water cycle. This process heats saltwater, causing it to evaporate into water vapor. The vapor is then condensed into pure, fresh water, leaving the salt behind.

Modern thermal desalination techniques, such as multistage flash distillation and multiple-effect distillation, are energy-intensive but efficient for large-scale operations. Vapour-compression distillation uses electricity to compress vapor and increase its temperature for evaporation. Solar humidification is a simpler, low-temperature thermal process suitable for small-scale needs, utilizing the sun's energy to evaporate and condense water.123