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Quick Summary

Statistics is the science of collecting, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data. It helps turn large amounts of data into useful information.1

Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive statistics provide summaries of data through tables, graphs, and numerical measures. These summaries aim to simplify the presentation and understanding of data.

Tabular Methods

Common tabular summaries include:
* Frequency Distribution: Shows the number of data values within specific, non-overlapping classes.2
* Relative Frequency Distribution: Shows the fraction or percentage of data values in each class.2
* Cross Tabulation: A two-way table used for summarizing data from two variables simultaneously.2

Numerical Measures

For quantitative data, common numerical measures include the mean (average), median (middle value), mode (most frequent value), percentiles, range, variance, and standard deviation. These measures help describe the central tendency and variability within the data.3

Summary created from Britannica articles using AI. AI can make mistakes, so verify using Britannica articles.
4 Britannica Sources
  1. statistics - Tabular methods
  2. statistics
  3. statistics - Exploratory data analysis
  4. statistics - Outliers

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