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A stationary battery is a type of rechargeable battery designed for long-term use in a fixed location. Unlike portable batteries, stationary batteries are built with heavier components to ensure a long shelf life and are commonly used for critical applications.

These batteries power emergency lights, uninterruptible power systems (UPS) for hospitals and telephone exchanges, and energy storage for solar cells. Lead-acid batteries are a prevalent type of stationary battery due to their reliability, cost-effectiveness, and long service life, often lasting hundreds of cycles. They function by storing electrical energy through reversible chemical reactions between electrodes and an electrolyte.12

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