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Sand casting is a method of casting where molten metal is poured into a mold made of sand. This process was established in the Bronze Age and is economical for producing complex shapes.

In sand casting, a pattern of the desired object is used to create a cavity in sand mixed with a binder. The pattern is removed, and molten metal is poured into the cavity. This method is common for iron and steel parts, though it may result in rougher surfaces and less dimensional precision compared to other casting methods. Issues like shrinkage and gas porosity can affect the quality of the final casting.1234

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