ramp

A ramp is a sloping surface or plane that connects different levels, such as a sloping floor, walk, or roadway. In mining, ramps can be used for access to underground ore bodies, driven downward from the surface or connecting different internal levels.12

Underground mining is employed when ore bodies are deep below the surface, making surface mining cost-prohibitive. This method involves higher costs per ton than surface mining due to smaller equipment and limited access, resulting in lower productivity. However, only ore is mined underground, unlike surface mining where significant amounts of waste rock are removed. The choice of underground mining method depends on factors like ore body shape, mineralization grade, rock strength, and depth. Access to underground mines is typically through shafts or ramps. Ramps can also be used in conjunction with other mining methods, such as cut-and-fill mining, to transport ore.23