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The pump drill is a primitive drilling tool. It operates by revolving a shaft through a cord attached to a bow or bar. A downward push on a sliding crosspiece, connected by cords that wind and unwind, rotates the spindle. A flywheel helps maintain momentum, allowing the cords to rewind and prepare for the next rotation in the opposite direction. This tool was developed during Roman times and is suitable for small work, requiring two hands to operate.12

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