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A reactor pressure vessel (RPV) is a critical structural component in nuclear power plants, particularly in light-water reactors and high-temperature gas-cooled reactors. Its primary function is to contain the coolant under the elevated temperatures and pressures necessary for power generation. Inside the RPV, various elements are housed, including the reactor core, control-rod guide tubes, and internal components for heat removal. The RPV also serves as a barrier against the release of radioactivity, working in conjunction with other safety systems and the overall containment structure to ensure safe operation.1

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