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A pneumatic tire is a continuous band that encircles a wheel's rim, providing a tread that rolls on the ground. Unlike metal tires used on trains, rubber tires, particularly pneumatic ones, offer high friction for acceleration, braking, and turning, along with cushioning. Pneumatic tires function by containing compressed air, which carries the load and absorbs shocks.

The concept of the pneumatic tire was first patented by Robert William Thomson in 1845, but it was John Boyd Dunlop who developed and patented a practical version in 1888, initially for bicycles. This innovation proved crucial for the success of early automobiles. Modern pneumatic tires are designed for low rolling resistance, cushioning, high friction, and durability, utilizing materials like rubber, steel, and synthetic fibers. They are essential for almost all free-moving vehicles in modern transportation.

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