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Biotechnology is the use of biology to solve problems and create useful products, often through genetic engineering. It's crucial in medicine for producing drugs like synthetic insulin and for developing diagnostic tests. Biotechnology also aids industrial processes, environmental cleanup, and agriculture.12

Neurotechnology, a field overlapping with neuroscience and engineering, aims to understand and improve the human nervous system. Applications include brain-computer interfaces and neural implants for restoring function after injury. Neuroethics examines the ethical, legal, and social impacts of these technologies, including issues of privacy, autonomy, and enhancement.345

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