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Multiple access refers to methods that allow multiple users to share a single communications channel. Three primary schemes exist: frequency-division multiple access (FDMA), time-division multiple access (TDMA), and code-division multiple access (CDMA).123

FDMA divides the frequency spectrum into slots, assigning each user a separate frequency slot. TDMA divides time into slots, allocating distinct time slots to different users. CDMA allows signals to be sent simultaneously in the same frequency band, with receivers selecting or rejecting signals based on user-specific codes. These techniques are crucial for efficient sharing in systems like mobile cellular networks.123

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