moldboard

It includes moldboard, disk, rotary, chisel, and subsoil plows.

The 18th-century addition of the moldboard, which turned the furrow slice cut by the plowshare, was an important advance. In the mid-19th century the black prairie soils of the American Midwest challenged the strength of the existing plow, and American mechanic John Deere invented the all-steel one-piece share and moldboard.…

…during these centuries, but the moldboard for turning over the earth did not appear until the 11th century ce, so that the capacity of turning the sod depended more on the wrists of the plowman than on the strength of his draft team; this discouraged tackling heavy ground. The potentialities…