meteorological measurement

Meteorological measurements are essential for understanding and forecasting weather. These measurements are gathered through two primary methods: in situ measurements, where instruments are directly at the point of interest, and remote sensing, where sensors are located at a distance.

In situ methods utilize equipment like towers and balloons to collect data on temperature, pressure, wind, and humidity. Remote sensing employs technologies such as Doppler radar and lidar to observe atmospheric conditions from afar. A key instrument for atmospheric measurements above the boundary layer is the radiosonde, which is carried by balloons to high altitudes to transmit data on temperature, pressure, and humidity back to ground stations. These observations form the basis for weather prediction models.12