mechanical testing

materials science

Also known as: mechanical properties test

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Last updated

June 30, 2026

Quick Summary

Mechanical testing is a crucial aspect of materials science that involves measuring the characteristics and behavior of substances like metals, ceramics, and plastics under various conditions. This testing is essential for designers to estimate anticipated stresses and select materials that can safely withstand them, thereby preventing failures like fracture or excessive deformation in structures and machines.12345

Key types of mechanical tests include:
* Static tension and compression tests: These determine a material's response to pulling apart (tension) or crushing (compression), measuring elongation (strain) and breaking points.3
* Static shear and bending tests: These assess a material's reaction to forces applied tangentially (shear) or through bending, which can induce tensile and compressive stresses.2
* Hardness tests: These measure a material's resistance to permanent deformation when a pointed object is pressed into its surface.4
* Fracture toughness tests: These quantitative tests measure a material's tendency to propagate a crack, which has become a critical failure criterion.5

Standardized test methods are established by organizations like the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).1

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