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Machining is a technology that uses stationary, power-driven machines to shape or form materials, primarily metal. This is achieved by removing excess material as chips, shearing, squeezing, or using electrical, ultrasonic, or chemical processes.1

Key machine tools include lathes for turning, milling machines for cutting, and grinding machines for precise finishing. These machines can achieve extremely high tolerances, often within millionths of an inch.123

The development of machine tools was crucial for the Industrial Revolution, enabling mass production and interchangeable parts. Modern advancements include automated machining centers that can perform multiple operations without repositioning the workpiece. Nonconventional methods like laser machining and chemical machining are used for materials too hard or brittle for traditional techniques.4567

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