looping

In filmmaking, "looping" refers to a post-production process where dialogue or sound effects are re-recorded to match the existing visuals. This is often necessary due to issues during initial filming, such as background noise or poor acoustics.

The process involves creating a continuous segment of film or magnetic tape, known as a loop, that repeats a specific scene. An actor then listens to a guide track and watches the scene repeatedly to re-record their lines, ensuring the new audio perfectly syncs with the actor's lip movements. This technique is also known as Automatic Dialogue Replacement (ADR).1

"Looping" can also refer to a continuously repeated segment of music, dialogue, or images, or a series of instructions that repeat until a condition is met, such as in computer programming.2