lithium-sulfur dioxide cell

Lithium-sulfur dioxide batteries are a type of primary battery that uses lithium as the anode and sulfur dioxide as the cathode material. These batteries have been used in applications such as emergency power for aircraft and military cold-weather operations. They function well but can vent noxious sulfur dioxide gas, especially after cold discharge and subsequent warm-up, which is a significant design disadvantage due to the corrosive or toxic nature of the gas.1

Lithium batteries in general, which use a lithium anode and nonaqueous electrolytes, offer high power and energy density. However, they are sensitive to high temperatures, which can lead to thermal runaway, and require careful manufacturing in dry conditions to prevent moisture absorption. Lithium-ion cells, a type of rechargeable lithium battery, have achieved commercial success due to improved safety features, using carbon powders to insert lithium ions, making them suitable for portable electronics.12