initial radiation

Initial radiation, also known as prompt radiation, refers to the gamma rays and neutrons released within the first minute of a nuclear explosion. This radiation is a distinct effect of nuclear weapons, alongside the high temperatures and blast waves they produce. While only about 3 percent of the total energy released, initial radiation can travel considerable distances and cause significant harm due to its penetrating power. Beta particles and alpha particles are also produced but typically have shorter ranges and do not reach the ground if the detonation is high enough. The study of radiation's effects on living cells is crucial for understanding its biological impacts.12