impulse turbine

An impulse turbine is a type of turbine where the rotor is driven by fluid jets that directly strike its blades. In an impulse turbine, the potential energy of the fluid (like water) is first converted into kinetic energy by passing it through a nozzle. This high-speed jet then hits curved buckets on the turbine's runner, transferring its energy to create rotational work.12

The Pelton wheel is a well-known example of an impulse turbine, typically used for high water heads and low flow rates. These turbines are efficient, with the runner's tip speed ideally matching about half the jet's velocity. To adjust power output, the water flow is controlled by a spear or needle within the nozzle.2