howitzer

A howitzer is a short cannon used to fire projectiles at medium muzzle velocities and with relatively high trajectories. It is a type of artillery, which refers to crew-served big guns, howitzers, or mortars with a caliber greater than that of small arms.12

Howitzers are designed to throw exploding shells in an arcing trajectory, distinguishing them from guns, which fire in a flat trajectory, and mortars, which are used for high-angle firing. Modern howitzers often feature advanced systems for recoil control, gunner protection, and quick firing. The development of field artillery, including howitzers, has seen significant advancements, particularly in the 20th century, with innovations like hydropneumatic recoil systems, split trails for wider traverse, and even helicopter-liftable carriages made of lightweight materials.23