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gramophone
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gramophone The 1901 Monarch model Gramophone (right), sold by the Victor Talking Machine Company, played music recorded on a shellac disc. The spring motor was wound by a hand crank and, when released by the brake lever, rotated a turntable at 78 revolutions per minute (upper left). The needle traced a lateral groove molded into the surface of the disc (as shown in the movie, lower left), reproducing the music through the sound box, tone arm, and sound horn. For a view of an internal sound horn, click on the Orthophonic box.
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gramophone

phonograph
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gramophone
gramophone Emile Berliner's gramophone of 1888.

By recording sound as an undulating side-to-side groove on a flat disc, Berliner's invention established the basic design for the next 100 years of phonographic record players.

The gramophone, also known as a phonograph, is an instrument for reproducing sound. Invented by Thomas Edison in 1877, the earliest versions used a stylus to trace grooves on a rotating cylinder coated with a soft material like wax. Sound vibrations were captured as undulations in these grooves.123

Emil Berliner later introduced a significant improvement in 1887 by developing a disc-based system called the gramophone. This innovation allowed for easier mass production of records. Early recordings were made acoustically, with sound directed into a horn. The development of microphones and electrical recording processes around 1925 greatly improved sound quality. Phonographs and records were the primary means of home audio playback until the advent of cassette tapes and compact discs.234

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5 Britannica Sources
  1. cylinder recording
  2. acoustics - Amplifying , recording, and reproducing
  3. phonograph
  4. music recording - The early years
  5. gramophone

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