grading
Quick Summary
The term "grading" refers to the process of arranging or assigning items according to type or quality. This can involve classifying, ranking, grouping, or sorting objects based on specific criteria.1
In the context of wood utilization, grading is a crucial step after primary processing, such as sawing lumber. Lumber is graded visually, with rules differing for softwoods and hardwoods. Softwood grading focuses on the type, number, and size of defects, while hardwood grading assesses the usable clear portions of a board. This grading helps determine the wood's suitability for various applications, from heavy construction to furniture manufacturing.2
Similarly, the steel industry employs extensive standards and numbering systems to classify thousands of steel grades based on their chemical compositions and intended uses. These standards, established by various international and national institutions, ensure consistency and quality in steel production.3
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woodYield and gradingThe yield of lumber in a sawmill (lumber volume compared with roundwood input) varies widely, from about 30 to 70 percent, depending on the types of machines used, the diameter of logs (the larger the diameter, the higher the yield), and the quality of…
Read MoreThe yield of lumber in a sawmill (lumber volume compared with roundwood input) varies widely, from about 30 to 70 percent, depending on the types of machines used, the diameter of logs (the larger the diameter, the higher the yield), and the quality of…
Read More- woodMechanical properties
…other wood products are visually graded. These rules set limits on sizes of defects and other wood characteristics that affect strength—for example, rate of growth, which is expressed as rings per centimetre or inch. Also available are nondestructive grading techniques based on vibration, sound transmission, and mechanics. The latter technique…
Read More…other wood products are visually graded. These rules set limits on sizes of defects and other wood characteristics that affect strength—for example, rate of growth, which is expressed as rings per centimetre or inch. Also available are nondestructive grading techniques based on vibration, sound transmission, and mechanics. The latter technique…
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dairy productQuality concerns…Department of Agriculture (USDA) assigns quality grades to butter based on its score on a standard quality point scale. Grade AA is the highest possible grade; Grade AA butter must achieve a numerical score of 93 out of 100 points based on its aroma, flavor, and texture. Salt (if present)…
Read More…Department of Agriculture (USDA) assigns quality grades to butter based on its score on a standard quality point scale. Grade AA is the highest possible grade; Grade AA butter must achieve a numerical score of 93 out of 100 points based on its aroma, flavor, and texture. Salt (if present)…
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cocoaChocolate and cocoa grades…no sharp difference from one grade or quality to the next. Chocolate quality depends on such factors as the blend of beans used, with about 20 commercial grades from which to choose; the kind and amount of milk or other ingredients included; and the kind and degree of roasting, refining,…
Read More…no sharp difference from one grade or quality to the next. Chocolate quality depends on such factors as the blend of beans used, with about 20 commercial grades from which to choose; the kind and amount of milk or other ingredients included; and the kind and degree of roasting, refining,…
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coffeeGradingAfter green coffee has been hulled and processed, it is ready to be graded and sold for roasting. The practice of grading and classifying coffee gives sellers and buyers a guarantee concerning the origin, nature, and quality of the product to aid their negotiations.…
Read MoreAfter green coffee has been hulled and processed, it is ready to be graded and sold for roasting. The practice of grading and classifying coffee gives sellers and buyers a guarantee concerning the origin, nature, and quality of the product to aid their negotiations.…
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flourFlour grades are based on the residual amount of branny particles.
Read MoreFlour grades are based on the residual amount of branny particles.
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meat processingMeat gradingMeat grading segregates meat into different classes based on expected eating quality (e.g., appearance, tenderness, juiciness, and flavour) and expected yield of salable meat from a carcass. In contrast to meat-inspection procedures, meat-grading systems vary significantly throughout the world. These differences are due in…
Read MoreMeat grading segregates meat into different classes based on expected eating quality (e.g., appearance, tenderness, juiciness, and flavour) and expected yield of salable meat from a carcass. In contrast to meat-inspection procedures, meat-grading systems vary significantly throughout the world. These differences are due in…
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teaSorting and gradingThe first step in packaging tea is grading it by particle size, shape, and cleanliness. This is carried out on mechanical sieves or sifters fitted with meshes of appropriate size. With small-sized teas in demand, some processed teas are broken or cut again at…
Read MoreThe first step in packaging tea is grading it by particle size, shape, and cleanliness. This is carried out on mechanical sieves or sifters fitted with meshes of appropriate size. With small-sized teas in demand, some processed teas are broken or cut again at…
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