free-space photonics

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June 26, 2026

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Free-space photonics involves transmitting information using beams of light that travel through the atmosphere, rather than through guided channels like optical fibers. This method is similar to line-of-sight microwave radio transmission, with signals affected by beam divergence, atmospheric absorption, and scattering from elements like fog or dust.1

While sensitive to atmospheric conditions, free-space optical systems are common for indoor applications, such as remote controls, and in measurement tools like LIDAR. The development of lasers, particularly semiconductor injection-laser diodes, has been crucial for creating the narrow, intense light beams needed for effective free-space communication.12

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Known as free-space photonics, this approach would involve such devices as semiconductor lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs), optical modulators, and photodetectors—all of which would be integrated into systems combined with electronic components.
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Known as free-space photonics, this approach would involve such devices as semiconductor lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs), optical modulators, and photodetectors—all of which would be integrated into systems combined with electronic components.
Read More