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A free-electron laser (FEL) is a type of laser that produces electromagnetic radiation by accelerating electrons to relativistic velocities within a magnetic field. Unlike conventional lasers that rely on specific atomic or molecular energy levels, FELs utilize the motion of free electrons to generate light.12

This unique mechanism allows FELs to be tuned over a wide range of frequencies, making them versatile instruments for scientific research and industrial applications. The ability to adjust the output wavelength is a key characteristic that distinguishes them from other laser types.12

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