fortification: References & Edit History

Additional Reading

J.E. Kaufmann and Robert M. Jurga, Fortress Europe: European Fortifications of World War II (1999), is an illustrated description of the Maginot Line, the Atlantic Wall, and other fortifications constructed throughout Europe before and during the war. John Ellis, Eye-Deep in Hell: Trench Warfare in World War I (1976, reissued 1989), is a graphic description of the misery of trench warfare. Stephen Bull, Trench: A History of Trench Warfare on the Western Front (2010), is a popular history.

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Add new Web site: Rebus Press - History of Applied Science and Technology - Cannon and Fortresses in Early Modern Europe. Sep 27, 2025
Add new Web site: The Canadian Encyclopedia - Fortification. Apr 11, 2013
Bibliography thoroughly revised. Dec 28, 2011
Article added to new online database. Sep 18, 1998
View Changes:
Article History
Revised:
By: