diffusion bonding

Diffusion bonding is a solid-state joining process where two or more materials are heated below their melting points, causing them to bond together through atomic diffusion. This method is distinct from processes like brazing, which involves a filler metal with a lower melting point.123

In diffusion bonding, the surfaces of the materials are brought into close contact, and heat is applied. This heat facilitates the movement of atoms across the interface, creating a strong bond without melting the base materials. This technique is particularly useful for joining metals with very high melting points or for creating alloys of mutually insoluble materials. Powder metallurgy often utilizes sintering, a form of diffusion bonding, to create metal objects from powders.12