cyberdefense

Cyber defense involves measures taken to protect online resources, such as computer networks and databases, from unauthorized access or attack. It is also defined as the capability to resist cyberattacks. These defenses can include software, hardware, and training.1

Cyberattacks are deliberate, malicious attempts to gain unauthorized access to digital systems, aiming to steal information, disrupt systems, or cause damage. These attacks can target computers, smartphones, and other internet-connected devices. The methods used can range from malware and phishing to denial-of-service attacks.2

Cyberwar, on the other hand, is war conducted in and from computers and their networks, typically waged by states against other states to disrupt or destroy their military and government networks. While cyberattacks and cybercrime share tactics with cyberwar, they are distinct. The anonymity of cyberspace presents a significant challenge for defense, as it makes identifying and deterring attackers difficult.3