cutting fluid

machining

Also known as: coolant

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The Information Architects of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Last updated

June 25, 2026

Quick Summary

Cutting fluids are essential in machining operations, serving multiple purposes. Their primary functions are to lubricate and cool the cutting tool and workpiece, thereby reducing friction and high temperatures generated during metal cutting. These fluids also help prevent rust and flush away chips created by the machining process.12

Different types of cutting fluids are used depending on the specific operation. For instance, when cutting screw threads, lubrication is paramount. In contrast, production grinding operations prioritize cooling. While water is an effective coolant, it can cause corrosion. Lard oil offers good lubrication but can become rancid. Sulfur-infused mineral oil is a popular choice as the sulfur helps prevent chips from welding to the tool. Soluble oils, which are emulsions that mix with water, are commonly used for sawing and grinding.1

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machine tool
Cutting fluids
In many machine-tool operations, cutting fluids or coolants are used to modify the harmful effects of friction and high temperatures. In general, the major functions of a coolant are to lubricate and cool. When cutting a screw thread, either on a lathe or with…
Read More
In many machine-tool operations, cutting fluids or coolants are used to modify the harmful effects of friction and high temperatures. In general, the major functions of a coolant are to lubricate and cool. When cutting a screw thread, either on a lathe or with…
Read More