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Cut-and-fill mining is an underground method adaptable to various ore body shapes and ground conditions. It involves removing ore in horizontal slices. After a slice is extracted, the resulting void is filled, typically with waste material from mineral processing. The most common variation is overhand cut-and-fill mining, where mining begins at the lower level and progresses upward. In underhand cut-and-fill mining, work proceeds from the top down, requiring cement in the fill to create a stable roof. This method offers flexibility, similar to room-and-pillar mining, and can utilize ramps for access and LHD (load-haul-dump) vehicles for ore transport.1

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