cross tabulation

A cross-tabulation, also known as a contingency table, is a statistical tool used to examine the relationship between two variables. It presents data in a table where rows represent categories of one variable and columns represent categories of another. The entries in the cells of the table show the frequency or count of data points that fall into each combination of categories. This method is particularly useful in descriptive statistics for understanding how two variables, especially qualitative ones, might be related or correlated. For example, a cross-tabulation could show the relationship between gender and age by displaying the number of males and females within different age groups.12