comminution

Comminution is the process of reducing solid materials into smaller particles, often to liberate valuable minerals from waste rock. This is a crucial first step in mineral processing, preparing ores for further extraction.1

The process typically involves two main stages:
* Crushing: Large ore pieces are broken down into smaller fragments, usually in stages, using machines like jaw crushers and cone crushers.1
* Grinding: The crushed material is further disintegrated into a powder using mills, which can be operated dry or wet.1

Comminution can also be achieved through methods like pounding, beating, or pulverizing. The ultimate fineness achieved depends on how finely the desired mineral is disseminated within the ore. This process is essential for separating valuable components from unwanted materials.21