cleaning

…maintenance procedures, such as regular cleaning and the application of protective coatings. Regular maintenance has proved to be highly cost-effective and successful in the preservation of outdoor sculpture over the long term. Regular cleaning and coating (with waxes or synthetic polymers or both, which sometimes contain corrosion inhibitors) have kept…

Cleaning involves the use of shakers, rotary reel cleaners, air blasters, water sprayers (as shown in Figure 2), or immersion washers. Any inedible or extraneous material is removed before washing, and only potable water is used in the cleaning systems.

Experiments with various clothes-washing mechanisms went on sporadically through the 19th century, and by early in the 20th century the electric motor had been harnessed to this effort. In the 1920s, manually controlled electric washing machines were marketed, some using an agitator and others…

In foundries and steel mills, grinding wheels and coated abrasive belts remove the unwanted portions of castings, forgings, and billets. Abrasive grit is pressure-blasted against the metal to clean it in preparation for painting. Metal shot is used on softer metallic castings.

…the most ubiquitous is ultrasonic cleaning, in which ultrasonic vibrations are set up in small liquid tanks in which objects are placed for cleaning. Cavitation of the liquid by the ultrasound, as well as the vibration, create turbulence in the liquid and result in the cleaning action. Ultrasonic cleaning is…