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Cladding is a crucial component of optical fibers, which are thin strands of glass or plastic used to transmit data as pulses of light. An optical fiber consists of a transparent core surrounded by a layer of cladding. The cladding has a lower refractive index than the core, which is essential for the principle of total internal reflection. This property allows light signals to be reflected back into the core and travel long distances with minimal loss of intensity. Optical fibers are widely used in telecommunications for long-distance telephone lines and computer networks due to their high bandwidth and low attenuation.123

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