Cement: References & Edit History

Additional Reading

A.C. Davis, A Hundred Years of Portland Cement, 1824–1924 (1924); and Robert W. Lesley, History of the Portland Cement Industry in the United States (1924, reissued 1974), give historical accounts. More recent works are H.F.W. Taylor, Cement Chemistry (1990); Sidney Mindess and J. Francis Young, Concrete (1981); and Sandor Popovics, Fundamentals of Portland Cement Concrete—A Quantitative Approach (1982– ), and Concrete Materials: Properties, Specifications, and Testing, 2nd ed. (1992).

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • Frederick M. Lea
  • Thomas O. Mason
  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Article title updated for style. Nov 07, 2026
Invalidated site: Mustansiriyah University - Types of Cement (PDF). Sep 07, 2026
Add new Web site: Massachusetts Institute of Technology - MIT News - Explained: Cement vs. concrete — their differences, and opportunities for sustainability. May 19, 2026
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Cement selection criteria for full coverage restorations: A comprehensive review of literature. Jan 23, 2026
Add new Web site: USGS Publications - Cement (PDF). Oct 17, 2025
Add new Web site: Mustansiriyah University - Types of Cement (PDF). Jun 04, 2025
Add new Web site: University of Babylon - Chemical Composition of Cement (PDF). Apr 07, 2025
Add new Web site: CiteSeerX - Sustainability of the cement and concrete industries. Feb 01, 2025
Add new Web site: Nature Communications - Efficient use of cement and concrete to reduce reliance on supply-side technologies for net-zero emissions. Nov 23, 2024
Add new Web site: International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts - Physical and Chemical Properties of Cement - A Study. Sep 26, 2024
Add new Web site: PennState College of Engineering - Composition of cement. May 13, 2024
Add new Web site: Academia - Cement and types of Cement. Sep 17, 2022
Add new Web site: Portland Cement Association - How Cement is Made. Mar 07, 2021
Media added. Oct 19, 2020
Mentioned the carbon dioxide emissions from cement manufacture and added cross-references. Oct 19, 2020
Add new Web site: The Spruce - The Difference Between Cement, Concrete, and Mortar. Jul 24, 2019
Removed three tables. Aug 15, 2018
Text added noting top-producing countries of cement. Aug 23, 2013
Article revised and updated. Jul 09, 2008
Article added to new online database. Jul 26, 1999
View Changes:
Article History
Revised:
By: