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Bulk freight refers to goods that are transported in large quantities without individual packaging, such as coal, ore, and grain. This contrasts with "break-bulk" cargo, which consists of individually packaged items. Bulk freight is typically moved using specialized methods like pumping (for liquids like petroleum) or pouring directly into ship holds from shore facilities.12

Dry bulk commodities are often loaded using specialized shore facilities that pour them into the ship's holds. Unloading can be done with grab buckets or vacuum hoses. Some bulk ships are equipped with self-unloading gear, such as conveyor belts and booms, to facilitate efficient discharge. This method of transport is generally more economical for large volumes compared to handling packaged goods.134

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