At a Glance
battery: References & Edit History
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Additional Reading
Stanley W. Angrist, Direct Energy Conversion, 4th ed. (1982), provides a historical introduction and overview. C.A. Vincent and B. Scrosati (eds.), Modern Batteries: An Introduction to Electrochemical Power Sources (1984, reissued 1997), is written for the nonspecialist. David Linden and Thomas B. Reddy (eds.), Handbook of Batteries, 3rd ed. (2002), provides comprehensive information on types and applications. Michael H. Westbrook, The Electric Car: Development and Future of Battery, Hybrid, and Fuel-Cell Cars (2001), is a comprehensive history of electric cars from a former manager of technological research with the Ford Motor Company.
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- Allan Garber
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Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modified link of Web site: Chemistry LibreTexts - Batteries. | Oct 16, 2026 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Oct 15, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: ABC listen - The Science Show - Hurdles for new battery technology. | Mar 06, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: Denison Digital Commons - The Battery Revolution: From an Electrifying Pile to Civilization as We Know It (PDF). | Dec 12, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Open Library Publishing Platform - Enhanced Introductory College Chemistry - Batteries and Fuel Cells. | Sep 06, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Battery Raw Materials - Where from and Where to? | Aug 06, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: CiteSeerX - Battery Transition Systems (PDF). | Mar 22, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Intergovernmental Forum - A Brief Guide to Batteries. | Nov 15, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Massachusetts Institute of Technology - A Guide to Understanding Battery Specifications. | Sep 19, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Pressbooks Create - Chemistry in Everyday Life - Batteries and Fuel Cells. | Aug 13, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Nature Communications - Aligning academia and industry for unified battery performance metrics. | Jul 16, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Massachusetts Institute of Technology - A Guide to Understanding Battery Specifications (PDF). | Apr 10, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: OpenStax - Chemistry 2e - Batteries and Fuel Cells. | Feb 29, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Australian Academy of Science - Curious - How a battery works. | Aug 04, 2023 | ||
| Video and links added. | May 17, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Engineering and Technology History Wiki - Battery. | May 05, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Chemistry LibreTexts - Batteries. | Dec 26, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: Edison Tech Center - Batteries: Types and History. | Sep 14, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: Inventors and Inventions - The Battery. | Mar 05, 2021 | ||
| Media added. | Jun 01, 2020 | ||
| Add new Web site: LiveScience - How Do Batteries Work? | Jan 15, 2017 | ||
| Add new Web site: LiveScience - How Do Batteries Work? | Jan 15, 2017 | ||
| Added video. | Jan 08, 2016 | ||
| Added illustration. | Sep 10, 2014 | ||
| Media revised. | Aug 13, 2014 | ||
| Added illustration of flashlight batteries. | Aug 11, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: Hyperphysics - Battery. | Apr 11, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: Buzzle.com - Battery. | Apr 11, 2013 | ||
| The words "DC power" changed to "energy" in the section Principles of operation. |
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Feb 25, 2013 | |
| Added illustration of Alessandro Volta's wet pile from his paper in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. | Feb 03, 2012 | ||
| Added image of Daniell cell. | Feb 08, 2011 | ||
| Value of 1 faraday changed from 96,500 to 96,485 coulombs. | Aug 11, 2010 | ||
| Added new Web site: Enchanted Learning - The Battery. | Apr 09, 2009 | ||
| Media added. | Aug 28, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: California Energy Commission - Battery Life. | Apr 25, 2007 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Apr 27, 2006 | ||
| Bibliography revised. | Apr 27, 2006 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Aug 12, 1998 |
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