bailey

military architecture

Also known as: ward

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The Information Architects of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Last updated

June 18, 2026

Quick Summary

A bailey, in the context of military architecture, refers to either the outer wall of a castle or the courtyard enclosed by such walls. These courtyards, also known as wards, were situated within the external walls of a castle or between multiple defensive walls.12

The concept of the bailey was integral to the development of the "motte and bailey" castle, a common fortification in medieval Europe from the 9th century onwards. This design typically featured a mound (motte) topped with a stronghold, surrounded by a ditch, with one or more baileys enclosed at the foot of the mound. These baileys were initially protected by palisades and later by more substantial masonry walls and towers. The keep, or donjon, was the central and strongest part of the castle, often located within the bailey, serving as the final point of defense during a siege.2

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Later, one or more baileys or wards (grounds between encircling walls) were enclosed at the foot of the mound. During the 11th century this type of private fortress, known as the “motte [mound] and bailey” castle, spread throughout western Europe.
Read More
Later, one or more baileys or wards (grounds between encircling walls) were enclosed at the foot of the mound. During the 11th century this type of private fortress, known as the “motte [mound] and bailey” castle, spread throughout western Europe.
Read More