automatic switching

Automatic switching refers to an electrical switch controlled from a central point, a concept first practically applied in telephone switching near the end of the 19th century. Early mechanical switches were operated by users through buttons or dials. Modern systems utilize sophisticated digital computers to manage thousands of lines, establish connections, and handle functions like call timing and billing. These advanced systems can also automatically reroute calls, notify users when busy lines are free, and perform self-diagnostic tests. Other applications of automation in communications include local area networks, automated mail-sorting machines, and the guidance systems for communications satellites.12