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What role does the bond play in a grinding wheel?

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Angle grinder — abrasive Worker using an angle grinder to smooth a piece of metal.

In a grinding wheel, the bond acts as the essential binder that holds the abrasive grains together to form a functional cutting tool.1

The bond plays a critical role in the wheel's self-sharpening mechanism. As the abrasive grains on the wheel's surface become dull during use, the bond allows these grains to be shed, thereby exposing fresh, sharp cutting edges. The effectiveness of this self-sharpening process is directly controlled by the specific nature of the bond used and the volume ratio of the abrasive to the bonding material.1

Depending on the application, different types of bonds are utilized:
* Vitreous (ceramic) bonds: Composed of clays and feldspars, these are used in the majority of grinding wheels and are fired at high temperatures.2
* Organic bonds: Utilizing resins, rubber, or shellac, these bonds are baked at lower temperatures, which allows for the inclusion of reinforcements like fiberglass or steel rings to increase resistance to breakage. These bonds also enable the production of thinner wheels suitable for cutting various materials.2