Venice turpentine

Venice turpentine is a substance derived from the European larch tree. It is a yellowish or yellowish-green, viscous oleoresin. This material is utilized in lithographic work, sealing wax, and varnishes.1

There is also an artificial Venice turpentine, which is a mixture of rosin and turpentine oil.1

Turpentine itself is a resinous extract from coniferous trees, primarily pines. It's a mixture of resins dissolved in a volatile oil. When distilled, this yields oil of turpentine and rosin. Oil of turpentine is a liquid solvent for sulfur, phosphorus, resins, waxes, and oils, and it hardens when exposed to air. Chemically, it's composed mainly of pinene.2