SCADA

By attacking these supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, Stuxnet was able to cause industrial processes to behave in a manner inconsistent with their original programming, thus crossing the line between cyberspace and the “real world.” While Stuxnet’s intended target remained a matter of debate, the worm…

…world, Stuxnet targeted certain “supervisory control and data acquisition” (SCADA) systems manufactured by the German electrical company Siemens AG that control machinery employed in power plants and similar installations. More specifically, the worm targeted only Siemens SCADA systems that were used in conjunction with frequency-converter drives, devices that control…

Use of online analytical instruments, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, and dedicated software have resulted in automation and computerization of treatment processes with the provision for remote operations. Such innovations can improve system operations significantly to achieve consistent water quality with minimal supervision, especially in larger system configurations.