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How do man-made fibres differ from natural fibres such as cotton, wool, and silk?
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man-made fibre
Figure 1: Three common polymer structures. The linear, branched, and network architectures are represented (from top), respectively, by high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and phenol formaldehyde (PF). The chemical structure and molecular structure of highlighted regions are also shown.
Man-made fibres differ from natural fibres primarily in their origin and the extent of modification during production. Natural fibres, such as cotton, wool, and silk, are obtained directly from animal, vegetable, or mineral sources and emerge from the textile manufacturing process in a relatively unaltered state.12
In contrast, man-made fibres undergo significant modification to their chemical composition and structure. They are categorized into two groups:1
- Regenerated fibres: These are derived from naturally occurring polymers (like cellulose from wood pulp) that are chemically altered and regenerated into practical fibres, such as rayon and acetate.1
- Synthetic fibres: These are produced entirely in laboratories or chemical plants, typically from petroleum or natural gas by-products. Unlike natural fibres, which are nonthermoplastic, synthetic fibres can be engineered for specific properties like heat resistance, strength, and the ability to hold a pressed form.12
While natural fibres are susceptible to microbial decomposition and insect damage, man-made fibres are often prized for their durability and resistance to such degradation.12