How are aluminum-vanadium master alloys made for the titanium industry?

Aluminum-vanadium master alloys are produced for the titanium industry using the aluminothermic process. In this method, a charge consisting of vanadium pentoxide ($V_2{O}_5$) and aluminum is heated in an electric furnace or ignited in a refractory-lined vessel. To specifically create the master alloy, an excess amount of aluminum—greater than what is strictly required for the reduction of the vanadium—is added to the charge.1