round-arm bowling

Round-arm bowling in cricket refers to a style where the bowler swings their arm horizontally or outward when releasing the ball. This technique emerged in the early 19th century, marking a significant shift from the earlier underhand bowling methods.12

The introduction of round-arm bowling led to a substantial increase in bowling speed. Initially, this style was controversial, but by 1835, the rules were amended to allow the hand to be raised as high as the shoulder. This evolution continued, and by 1864, bowlers were officially permitted to bowl overhand, dramatically changing the game and making it more challenging for batsmen to judge the ball's trajectory. This innovation, combined with the ability to bounce the ball on the pitch, allows for speeds exceeding 90 mph and introduces elements of curve and spin.2