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Have you ever seen a football swerve through the air and sail into the net past a desperately diving goalkeeper? It’s not magic, just physics! Football (soccer) players can make the ball move through the air in various ways by striking it at precise angles to generate extreme spin; aerodynamics and gravity then do the rest, producing a seemingly impossible curving shot or pass. The scientific principles at play include the Magnus effect, which is when an air pressure imbalance is created by the spin of the ball, and Newton’s third law of motion (every action has an equal and opposite reaction). Specialist free-kick takers such as Brazil’s Roberto Carlos and England’s David Beckham have demonstrated an ability to make the ball bend and dip almost at will, scoring some spectacular goals in the process.

Try out the game below and see if you can emulate the football (and physics) skills of great players to curl a shot around a defensive wall and past the goalkeeper, or score a penalty kick.

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