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WrestleMania
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WrestleMania 32 WrestleMania 37 John Cena lifts Austin Theory onto his shoulders in a wrestling move during their United States Championship match at WrestleMania in a packed stadium. Hollywood Hulk Hogan holds The Rock in a headlock during their wrestling match at Wrestlemania X8, with a crowd watching in the background.
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WrestleMania 32
WrestleMania 32 Professional wrestlers in the ring at WrestleMania 32, during the Andre the Giant Memorial Battle Royal at the AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas, April 2016.

WrestleMania

professional wrestling event
Written by
Stephen Eldridge
Stephen Eldridge is a writer and editor of fiction and nonfiction for all ages.
Stephen Eldridge
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Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....
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History

WrestleMania, in professional wrestling, the flagship annual event held by World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. (WWE). WrestleMania was WWE’s first pay-per-view event, originally held in 1985, and remains the biggest event in its calendar. The show is typically held in front of a large crowd that may exceed 100,000 fans and is available to watch at home; originally a pay-per-view cable television program, it is now live streamed on NBCUniversal’s Peacock streaming service. Each WrestleMania centers on one or more “main events,” which are often title matches supported by several other matches, and may also feature surprise appearances by fan-favorite wrestlers and celebrities, along with other special events both in and out of the ring.

The original WrestleMania

The stage was set for the first WrestleMania when Vince McMahon bought his father’s company, then known as the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), in 1982. McMahon planned to take the WWF to a wider audience. A key part of the strategy was recruiting popular wrestler Terry Bollea, better known as Hulk Hogan, away from the American Wrestling Association (AWA) to become the face of the company and soon its champion. With McMahon in control of WWF, the company worked with musician Cyndi Lauper and actor Mr. T to craft a storyline involving Hogan, “Rowdy” Roddy Piper, and “Mr. Wonderful” Paul Orndorff that provoked mainstream media attention, including matches broadcast live on MTV. This popular storyline paid off at the first WrestleMania.

WWF designed their first pay-per-view event to attract national attention. According to ring announcer Howard Finkel, he came up with the name WrestleMania for the event in reference to the Beatlemania craze of the 1960s. Held in Madison Square Garden, WrestleMania was also available on closed-circuit television broadcasts in other venues around the country. To help lure a wider audience, legendary boxer Muhammad Ali was brought in as a guest referee for the main event, and musician Liberace appeared alongside the Rockettes. Lauper also made an appearance, managing Wendi Richter in her championship victory over Leilani Kai and even attacking Kai’s manager, The Fabulous Moolah. Other matches included an opener featuring Tito Santana defeating The Executioner, The Iron Sheik and Nikolai Volkoff winning the tag-team championship, and a “body slam challenge” between Andre the Giant and Big John Stud.

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The event was an enormous success for WWF. More than a million fans watched the broadcast on closed-circuit television in theaters and arenas and pay-per-view cable. It helped audiences associate WWF with professional wrestling, and WrestleMania quickly became an annual tradition. It also spawned other recurring pay-per-view events such as SummerSlam, Survivor Series, King of the Ring, and the Royal Rumble. WrestleMania continues to be the biggest annual event for the company, which changed its name to World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. (WWE), in 2002, and for the professional wrestling community worldwide.

WrestleMania through the years

WrestleMania 37
WrestleMania 37Professional wrestlers Sasha Banks (right) and Bianca Belair competing in the WWE SmackDown Women's Championship during WrestleMania 37, at Raymond James Stadium, Tampa, Florida, April 10, 2021.

Because of its longevity and popularity, WrestleMania has become an iconic brand in the world of sports and entertainment. In 2017 Forbes estimated it to be the sixth most valuable sports brand in the world, worth nearly $200 million. For wrestlers, wrestling at WrestleMania is an ultimate career ambition, especially headlining the event. Iconic wrestler John Cena compared it to the championship events in competitive sports, calling it “our March Madness, the Super Bowl, the Masters, the NBA Championship, the World Series.” For many wrestlers, having an iconic “WrestleMania moment” is a way to guarantee their legacy, ensuring that they will be discussed by fans, journalists, and other wrestlers for years to come.

WrestleMania has continued to attract celebrities and athletes from outside professional wrestling to participate in the show. Musicians are frequent guests. The show traditionally opens with a performance of “America the Beautiful” or another patriotic song, and music legends such as Ray Charles, Aretha Franklin, Willie Nelson, and Reba McEntire have been called on to perform. Special performances by Motörhead, Snoop Dogg, Run-D.M.C., Ice-T, and Kid Rock have also been featured. In 2021 rapper Bad Bunny entered the ring as part of a tag-team match, emerging victorious by pinning wrestler The Miz.

Though the early days of WrestleMania were partly defined by the popularity of Hulk Hogan, Mark Calaway, known by his ring name The Undertaker, became a beloved fixture of the event after his debut in 1991. He enjoyed an unbroken streak of WrestleMania victories that lasted from his debut through 2013 (excepting 1994, when he did not participate)—a total of 21 wins. For many fans, it became a yearly tradition to watch a challenger emerge to take on The Undertaker only to inevitably fail as “the Streak” continued. The Streak was finally broken in 2014 by Brock Lesnar, though The Undertaker continued to appear regularly in the event until 2020. His career record comprises 25 wins and 2 losses; only Lesnar and Roman Reigns defeated him. The popularity of The Undertaker was such that even after the Streak was broken, Cena was moved to remark that “it’s not a WrestleMania without The Undertaker.”

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In 2020 WrestleMania continued despite the COVID-19 pandemic, though some changes were made to the event’s format. The show was recorded without a live audience, split over two nights, and filmed in multiple locations, with The Undertaker’s “Boneyard” match against AJ Styles filmed in a more cinematic style than typical matches. Though live audiences returned to the event in 2021, it remains a two-night affair.

Key matches

year event match winner description
1985 WrestleMania Hulk Hogan and Mr. T vs. “Rowdy” Roddy Hulk Hogan and Mr. T Guest refereed by Muhammad Ali and featuring television star Mr. T, WrestleMania’s first main event was key to establishing WWF’s dominance in the industry.
1987 WrestleMania III Hulk Hogan vs. Andre the Giant Hulk Hogan Featured two household names in professional wrestling. The match set attendance records for the sport.
1996 WrestleMania XII Shawn Michaels vs. Bret Hart Shawn Michaels Shawn Michaels’s iconic zipline entrance and his defeat of Bret Hart helped solidify him as the new face of the company.
1998 WrestleMania XIV “Stone Cold” Steve Austin vs. Shawn Michaels “Stone Cold” Steve Austin In the midst of the “Monday Night Wars” with competitor World Championship Wrestling (WCW), this match, with Mike Tyson as a special guest, led to a resurgence in popularity for WWF. Stone Cold’s victory solidified his popularity and helped usher in the “Attitude Era” at WWF.
2001 WrestleMania X-Seven “Stone Cold” Steve Austin vs. The Rock “Stone Cold” Steve Austin The second of three WrestleMania matches between the two most popular wrestlers of the era, this match is remembered for Stone Cold’s heel turn.
2002 WrestleMania X8 Hulk Hogan vs. The Rock The Rock This match pitted an old crowd favorite, Hulk Hogan, against the younger crowd favorite, The Rock, in a clash of eras.
2008 WrestleMania XXIV Shawn Michaels vs. Ric Flair Shawn Michaels WWE Hall of Famer Ric Flair put his career on the line in this match and retired after his loss. When Shawn Michaels defeated Flair and ended his career, he memorably said, “I’m sorry, I love you.”
2010 WrestleMania XXVI The Undertaker vs. Shawn Michaels The Undertaker Just two years after retiring Ric Flair, Shawn Michaels put his own career on the line in an attempt to end The Undertaker’s streak. After he failed to do so, he retired from WWE.
2013 WrestleMania 29 The Rock vs. John Cena John Cena The second match between two major stars, with The Rock returning from Hollywood as a massive mainstream star. John Cena’s win helped him to become a dominant force in WWE and paved the way for his own broader stardom.
2014 WrestleMania XXX Randy Orton vs. Batista v. Daniel Bryan Daniel Bryan Iconic “miracle” match in which underdog fan-favorite Daniel Bryan defeated two bigger, more established wrestlers to become champion.
2019 WrestleMania 35 Ronda Rousey vs. Charlotte Flair vs. Becky Lynch Becky Lynch First match between women to be featured as the main event at WrestleMania. With the mainstream popularity and credibility of Ronda Rousey, Charlotte Flair’s reputation as a key part of the evolution of women’s wrestling, and Becky Lynch’s popularity among fans, the match propelled women’s wrestling to new heights.
2021 WrestleMania 37 Sasha Banks vs. Bianca Belair Bianca Belair The first match in which two Black women were featured in WrestleMania’s main event. The match also helped establish Bianca Belair as a major star, winning the SmackDown Women’s Championship from the more experienced Sasha Banks.
2022 WrestleMania 38 Roman Reigns vs. Brock Lesnar Roman Reigns A key part of Roman Reigns’s dominating championship run, his win over Brock Lesnar made him the first wrestler to hold both of WWE’s current heavyweight title belts and the first undisputed champion of his era.
2024 WrestleMania 40 Roman Reigns vs. Cody Rhodes Cody Rhodes Second-generation WWE star Cody Rhodes ended Roman Reigns’s unprecedented three-year title run with a headline match that saw the return of The Rock, John Cena, and The Undertaker.
Stephen Eldridge