Today in 1807 the first fee-paying passenger railway in the world began operating in Wales, with the proprietors taking some inspiration from the children who hopped rides on the horse-drawn freight wagons that traveled the line. It would eventually be called the Mumbles Railway, and it would

In 1752 Britain decided that homicide was punishable by dissection. It was during the era of the Bloody Code—a series of British laws that made even the most minor crimes punishable by death—that Britain imposed the Murder Act. The penalties stipulated by the act, which differed from almost all

Few figures in history are as famous as Cleopatra. Her story has inspired countless movies, books, and TV series. The famous lovers. The ruthless ambition. The dramatic death. But in 50 bce Cleopatra was on the verge of becoming little more than a footnote in history. That year she was ousted as

In Paris the workday for bakers once began in the dark. Boulangers worked through the night, shaping and folding to greet customers with fresh bread each morning. Bakers were sometimes called “white miners,” a nod to the flour dust—and the physicality—of the job. Then came a law regulating “la

The Danish seismologist who discovered Earth’s inner core built her theory using cardboard oatmeal boxes filled with index cards—each recording a seismic event—and she did the math by hand in her sunny garden. In doing so, Inge Lehmann changed how geophysicists understood the structure of the

On this day in 1962 American basketball player Wilt Chamberlain scored 100 points in a single NBA game—an incredible record that has never been beaten. When he made his final basket with 46 seconds left to play, the ecstatic crowd stormed the floor. A radio announcer screamed, “He made it! He made

On this day—barely, it was about 4 AM, after an all-nighter negotiating session—in 1867, U.S. Secretary of State William H. Seward struck a deal with a Russian envoy: The United States would purchase Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million. (That’d be almost $160 million today.) This decision was

World War I was raging, and countries were increasingly desperate for coal—desperate enough to bend time. The idea was simple: Stretch limited supplies of oil and gas by reducing consumers’ use of artificial light by shifting the clock to give them another hour of evening daylight. Thus, Daylight

At 9:30 am on this day in 1934, no one thought to check the gun pointed at them. It looked real enough. And the guards knew that the man holding it was capable of using it—he’d killed before. He’d escaped before, too. But this gun had been whittled from wood and colored with shoe polish. And with

On this day in history, a whole bunch of people became president. Here’s the roll call: George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, William Henry Harrison, James K. Polk, Franklin Pierce, James Buchanan, Abraham

Today in 1908 a group of men set out to climb a volcano. They were part of Ernest Shackleton’s British Antarctic expedition aboard the 200-ton Nimrod, which had departed England the previous summer. The expedition would come to define successful Antarctic exploration. By January the ship was frozen

On this day in 1869, Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev took a break from improving cheese-making techniques to show the world how he’d rearranged the known universe. His paper, “The Dependence Between the Properties of the Atomic Weights of the Elements”—the first periodic table arranged

On this day in 161, the citizens of Rome scratched their heads at the announcement that they had not one but two new emperors. Upon the death of Emperor Antoninus Pius, his heir Marcus Aurelius declared that he would rule alongside his (adoptive) brother, Lucius Verus. This marked the first time in

On this day in 1855, a train went over a bridge. Interested yet? No? Let’s try that again. On this day in 1855, one of the heaviest trains in the world went over a brand-new suspension bridge—above a 200-foot-deep gorge. In the 19th century suspension bridges were pretty unpopular—and for good

On this day last year, a colossal squid was caught on camera in the deep sea for the first time. The Schmidt Ocean Institute was using a remotely operated submersible on an expedition to search for new species in the icy waters of the South Atlantic, off the Sandwich Islands, when this

Clairvoyant. Medium. Stage actress. Free love activist. Suffragist. Communist. Capitalist. Stock broker. Newspaper publisher. Iconoclast. On this day in 1872, Victoria Woodhull added another title: first female candidate for the U.S. presidency. Being a trailblazer for women in U.S. politics might

Imagine your daughter brings home a young man. She seems happy, but there’s a problem: His father is one of the architects of the Holocaust, one of the men responsible for your time in Dachau concentration camp, where Gestapo officers beat you so brutally that you went blind. This is the story of

While others were mastering the blues, Jimi Hendrix was rewiring rock. Released on this day in May 1967, Are You Experienced by the Jimi Hendrix Experience, produced by Chas Chandler, revolutionized rock music by transforming the electric guitar into a vehicle for unprecedented sonic exploration.

Armand-Jean du Plessis, cardinal et duc de Richelieu, or l’Éminence Rouge. He was Louis XIII’s chief minister, and if you think his name is a mouthful, just wait until you read what he did at the dinner table. According to tradition, it was the cardinal who introduced the table knife on this day in

You’ve heard of “no taxation without representation,” but what about “beer for taxation”? Yes, on this day in 1932, Americans took to the streets to demand more taxes. Led by the mayor of New York City, Jimmy Walker, nearly 100,000 people paraded down Fifth Avenue, chanting “We want beer!” They

Walt Disney’s most famous creation debuted as, well, kind of a menace. Mickey Mouse and Minnie Mouse, two of the most recognizable figures in animation history and the darlings of Disney, made their first appearance on May 15, 1928, in the short film Plane Crazy. Created by animators Walt Disney

It was May 1944, and D-Day—the coordinated landing of nearly 160,000 Allied soldiers along the Normandy coast and the beginning of the end of the Nazi occupation of Europe—was still just a whispered plan. So when Technical Sgt. Edward Niland, 31, the eldest of four brothers from upstate New York

In a unanimous ruling on this day in 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down racial segregation in public schools, declaring that separate facilities for Black and white students were inherently unequal. The landmark case centered on a third grader named Linda Brown, who lived in Topeka, Kansas,

On this day in 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a ruling that would endure until a day in May 1954. In a 7–1 decision (with one abstention), the Court decreed that racial segregation was not unconstitutional so long as states provided “equal” facilities. In practice, it gave legal cover to the

At an event doubling as a Democratic fundraiser and birthday gala for Pres. John F. Kennedy in New York City’s old Madison Square Garden, JFK’s brother-in-law (and Rat Pack member) Peter Lawford introduces history: “Mr. President, on this occasion of your birthday, this lovely lady is not only

It is 1999, and Everest is experiencing its driest season in years. For nine climbers, this means a rare opportunity. It’s not what you’re thinking. This is no ordinary ascent of the world’s highest mountain. It’s a methodical grid search, based on years of research. And it’s unfolding at 27,000

On this day in 1873, two men were granted a patent for trousers reinforced with rivets—the origin of what we now call “jeans.” One of those men was Levi Strauss, whose name is so deeply woven into fashion history that it’s become synonymous with the garment. The other man was a humble tailor named

On this day in 1908, some lucky audience members watched the first horror movie in American history. For the bargain price of just one dime, viewers in Chicago were treated to a story that was—at least according to its advertising—“thrilling,” “marvelous,” “mystifying,” and “peculiar.” These seem

On this day in 1807, Aaron Burr went on trial for treason in what the press called “the trial of the century” (an ambitious label with 93 years left to go). This was not the reason you thought you’d see Aaron Burr on trial, but the shadow cast by his duel with Alexander Hamilton was long. Hamilton

On this day in 1903, Horatio Nelson Jackson and Sewall Crocker embarked on the first transcontinental automobile trip. They made it—despite few paved roads, questionable maps, no gas stations, no rest stops, no fast food, and no playlists. The journey took just over 63 days. The adventure was full

On this day in 1976 an Englishman living in Paris threw America a birthday party. The menu: wine. Steven Spurrier, owner of L’Académie du Vin wine school, had recently been meeting a lot of American winemakers and trying a lot of great American wine. Eager to share these bottles, he invited nine of

If Oscar Wilde were alive today, he’d probably smirk at any talk of coming out of the closet. Why? Because in his time, he was trying to come out of something infinitely worse: prison. On this day in 1895, Wilde was convicted of gross indecency for his homosexual relationships—a crime in Victorian

It was May 1940, and months of “Phony War” had come to a shocking end with Germany’s blitzkrieg attack on the Low Countries and France. Tanks and aircraft shattered the Dutch lines, and within days the Netherlands was overrun. Queen Wilhelmina fled to London with the Dutch government-in-exile.

On this day in 1930, history’s fiercest race for the sky crowned a champion with the opening of the 77-story Chrysler Building in New York City. At 1,046 feet, it became the world’s tallest building, overtaking the Eiffel Tower after a nerve-racking final stretch for car company tycoon Walter P.

New Yorkers were a skeptical bunch. The U.S. Constitution had been drafted over the summer of 1787 at the convention in Philadelphia. But if the Founding Fathers thought those four months of writing were hard, now they needed 9 of 13 states to ratify the thing. George Washington wrote that much of

On this day in 1851, abolitionist and women’s right activist Sojourner Truth gave her most famous speech, one that has become known as the “Ain’t I a Woman?” speech. The only problem is that Truth never uttered those words. We’ll get to how the now-famous phrase was falsely attributed to her in a

American Comdr. Jeremiah A. Denton, Jr., had been held by the North Vietnamese for 10 months when he met with a Japanese television journalist on May 2, 1966. The Navy pilot had been shot down while leading his squadron on a mission over North Vietnam. Injured and taken prisoner, Denton had already

Swing, batter, batter, swing! And she did, on this day in 1943, when the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) opened its first season. The Rockford Peaches of Illinois took on Indiana’s South Bend Blue Sox and lost, 1–0, while Wisconsin’s Racine Belles and Kenosha Shamrocks

On this day in 1578, 15 ships and 400 men set sail from England to the Canadian Arctic. They would return months later believing they’d found treasure: thousands of tons of gold. Their leader, English mariner Martin Frobisher, had spent most of his life at sea (or imprisoned because of it). Some of

On this day in 1978, a marketing manager for a Massachusetts computer company unknowingly made history: He sent the first spam email. The Internet as we know it did not yet exist. But ARPANET, an experimental computer network that connected government-supported research sites in the United States,

On this day in 1868, the Kuthodaw Pagoda in Mandalay, Myanmar, was completed. Inside and around it was a book unlike any other: 729 marble tablets, each one five feet tall and too heavy for a single person to carry, inscribed on both sides with a complete edition of Theravada Buddhist scripture,

In the United States, Cinco de Mayo has—unfairly—been reduced to an excuse to drink tequila and eat guac. It’s a familiar and festive ritual (and listen, I like guac and tequila too), but it gives short shrift to what the day actually represents: It’s not a party but a battlefield victory—one that

On this day in 1994, a train slipped beneath the sea in England and reappeared in France. Crowds gathered on both sides of the English Channel. England’s Queen Elizabeth II and French Pres. François Mitterrand marked the opening with twin ceremonies in Folkestone and Calais. The pair even took a

Off the coast of Ireland on the morning of May 7, 1915, Capt. William Turner slowed his swift ship near shore as fog closed in. It was a grave mistake. He had no idea an enemy lurked below. Turner’s Lusitania was a luxury British ocean liner, packed with nearly 2,000 passengers and crew and nearing

On this day in 1980, the world reached a milestone few had ever thought possible: Smallpox was eradicated. This deadly human disease had devastated populations for centuries, killing hundreds of millions and leaving many survivors scarred or blinded. Even into the mid-20th century, smallpox

Baltimore has a new celebrity. He’s 16 feet tall, weighs almost 100,000 pounds, and eats a lot—nearly 500,000 pounds every year. He is a giant mechanical mollusk. Wait, what? On this day in 2014, after six years as a prototype, the semiautonomous, garbage-collecting Mr. Trash Wheel went into

On this day in 352, Pope Liberius celebrated the first official Christmas mass in Rome—marking the moment December 25 became the day on the calendar. This wasn’t the first time Christians had celebrated Jesus’ birth: Some observances likely took place as early as the 2nd century, and the church in

Today, more commonly known as the Today show, is an American morning talk show that has aired on NBC since 1952. Showcasing news, weather, interviews, pop-culture reports, human-interest stories, and musical performances, Today invented the morning television genre and remains one of the longest

Howard Hawks: Early life and work: …own short stories for Hawks’s Today We Live (1933). Among the soon-to-be notable actors who appeared in this World War I drama were Gary Cooper, Robert Young, and Franchot Tone.

Alexander Robertus Todd, Baron Todd was a British biochemist whose research on the structure and synthesis of nucleotides, nucleosides, and nucleotide coenzymes gained him the 1957 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. After receiving doctorates from the universities of Frankfurt am Main (1931) and Oxford

Todd River, intermittent river in south-central Northern Territory, Australia. It rises in the MacDonnell Ranges and flows southeast for 200 miles (320 km), passing through Heavitree Gap and the town of Alice Springs and across sandhill country, eventually disappearing in the Simpson Desert. Its

Dolley Madison was an American first lady (1809–17), the wife of James Madison, fourth president of the United States. Raised in the plain style of her Quaker family, she was renowned for her charm, warmth, and ingenuity. Her popularity as manager of the White House made that task a responsibility

Mabel Loomis Todd was an American writer and editor who was largely responsible for editing the first posthumously published editions of the poems of Emily Dickinson. Mabel Loomis graduated from Georgetown Seminary in Washington, D.C., and then studied at the New England Conservatory of Music in

Mary Todd Lincoln was an American first lady (1861–65), the wife of Abraham Lincoln, 16th president of the United States. Happy and energetic in her youth, she suffered subsequent ill health and personal tragedies and behaved erratically in her later years. Mary Todd was the daughter of Robert

Michael Todd was an American showman with a flair for the flamboyant who is remembered as Elizabeth Taylor’s third husband and as a film producer for Around the World in Eighty Days (1956). In his book The Nine Lives of Michael Todd (1958), Todd’s friend Art Cohn recounts a conversation in which

Michael Todd was an American showman with a flair for the flamboyant who is remembered as Elizabeth Taylor’s third husband and as a film producer for Around the World in Eighty Days (1956). In his book The Nine Lives of Michael Todd (1958), Todd’s friend Art Cohn recounts a conversation in which

Thomas Todd was an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court (1807–26). Todd was admitted to the bar in 1786 and gained his first legal and political experience as a clerk for several citizens’ conventions called by the movement to separate Kentucky from its parent state, Virginia. After

Michael Todd: …the wide-screen film technique called Todd-AO, first used in the film version of Oklahoma! (1955). In October 1956 Around the World in Eighty Days in Todd-AO opened with a barrage of publicity generated by Todd. It won the Academy Award as best picture of the year.

infant and toddler development: Toddler years: At the end of the first year of life, infants become toddlers. Between ages one and three, physical growth slows as toddlers learn to master motor and communication skills. Imitation continues to be a major element in normal development, often taking the shape…

infant and toddler development, the physical, emotional, behavioral, and mental growth of children from ages 0 to 36 months. Different milestones characterize each stage of infant (0 to 12 months) and toddler (12 to 36 months) development. Although most healthy infants and toddlers reach each

T. Berry Brazelton: …as Infants and Mothers (1969), Toddlers and Parents (1974), and Families: Crisis and Caring (1990), focused on the parent-child relationship and the nature of individual differences in the behaviour of infants and young children.

coconut palm: Uses: Toddy, a beverage drunk fresh, fermented, or distilled, is produced from the sweetish sap yielded by the young flower stalks when wounded or cut; toddy is also a source of sugar and alcohol. Palm cabbage, the delicate young bud cut from the top of the…

civet: Except for the arboreal palm civets, such as Paradoxurus (also known as toddy cat because of its fondness for palm juice, or “toddy”) and Nandinia, civets are mainly terrestrial. The Sunda otter civet (Cynogale bennetti), the African civet (Civettictis civetta), and the rare Congo water civet (Genetta piscivora) are…

fern: Annotated classification: Osmunda, Osmundopteris, Plenasium, and Todea) and 20 modern species, distributed nearly worldwide. Order Hymenophyllales Family Hymenophyllaceae (filmy ferns) Mostly rainforest epiphytes; mostly tiny ferns with blades only 1 cell thick between veins; spores globose, green;

Josef Mengele was a Nazi doctor at Auschwitz extermination camp (1943–45) who selected prisoners for execution in the gas chambers and conducted medical experiments on inmates in pseudoscientific racial studies. Mengele’s father was founder of a company that produced farm machinery, Firma Karl

German literature: The post-1945 period: Stunde Null: Celan’s poem “Todesfuge” (“Death Fugue,” from his collection Mohn und Gedächtnis [1952; “Poppy and Memory”]) is perhaps the best-known poem of the entire postwar period. Gottfried Benn’s lecture “Probleme der Lyrik” (1951; “Problems of the Lyric”), essentially a restatement of the formalist precepts of early 20th-century Modernism, enabled…

Teda, people of the eastern and central Sahara (Chad, Niger, and Libya). Their language, also called Teda (or Tedaga), is closely related to the Kanuri and Zaghawa languages, and it belongs to the Saharan group of the Nilo-Saharan language family. Teda has northern and southern groups; the term

Todi, town and episcopal see, Umbria regione, central Italy, south of Perugia. The town, on a hill overlooking the Tiber River, is of ancient Umbrian origin and served as an Etruscan fortress before becoming the Roman Tuder. Its extensive remains include an Etruscan necropolis, a Roman

tody, any of five species of small, brilliantly coloured forest birds constituting the genus Todus of the order Coraciiformes. They occur in the West Indies. Four distinct but closely related broad-billed todies may be found on the islands of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Hispaniola (some systems

kingfisher: The Marquesan kingfisher (Todiramphus godeffroyi), one of the most endangered kingfishers, faces a different suite of threats. Once found on a handful of islands in the Marquesas chain, the species is now limited to only one, Tahuata. The bird’s decline has been attributed to habitat degradation…

Siege of Pleven: von Todleben, the engineer officer who had organized the defense of Sevastopol during the Crimean War, and Todleben pronounced in favour of a siege of Pleven. The other Turkish commanders did little to relieve the pressure on Osman Nuri Paşa, who at last perceived that his…

Mark Goodson: …his long association with fellow-producer Bill Todman after meeting him in 1941 while they were working on the radio quiz program Battle of the Boroughs. They sold Winner Take All to a radio station in 1946 and launched what would become a game show empire, including such radio shows as…

Todmorden, town (parish), Calderdale metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, historic county of Yorkshire, northern England. It lies on the River Calder and the Rochdale Canal. Todmorden is surrounded by high moorland, and it is a junction for east-west rail routes across the

Pedro Almodóvar: All About My Mother and Talk to Her: …Todo sobre mi madre (1999; All About My Mother), which he also wrote. The film—the bittersweet story of a woman’s search for her recently deceased son’s father—won an Academy Award for best foreign-language film, and Almodóvar was honored as best director at the Cannes film festival. He received similar praise…

Eduardo Mallea: In Todo verdor perecerá (1941; All Green Shall Perish), which many consider his greatest work, he explored—by the use of interior monologue and flashback techniques—the anguish of a woman living in the provinces.

José Vasconcelos: …unity, is set forth in Todología (1952). He carried over his philosophy into his writings on Mexico, calling for a synthesis of Mexican life based upon the indigenous culture of the Indians, which transcended what he saw as the narrow limits of Western culture. He is most famous for his…

Bulgarian literature: Even more than Slaveykov, Petko Todorov, originator of the Bulgarian Romantic short story, believed that literature was sufficient unto itself; both in his Idilii (1908), prose poems inspired by folklore, and in several dramas based on Balkan mythology, notably Zidari (1906; “Masons”), is displayed his delicate poetic talent.

Nancy Huston: …Franco-Bulgarian literary theorist and philosopher Tzvetan Todorov.

Asghar Farhadi: …film Todos lo saben (2018; Everybody Knows), which starred Penélope Cruz and Javier Bardem as Laura and Paco, former lovers who grow closer when Laura’s daughter is kidnapped. In his next film, Ghahreman (2021; A Hero), a businessman on a two-day leave from debtors’ prison attempts to secure an early…

Julio Cortázar: …los fuegos el fuego (1966; All Fires the Fire, and Other Stories), Un tal Lucas (1979; A Certain Lucas), and Queremos tanto a Glenda, y otros relatos (1981; We Love Glenda So Much, and Other Tales). Cortázar also wrote poetry and plays and published numerous volumes of essays.

Carlos Fuentes: …several plays, including the important Todos los gatos son pardos (1970; “All Cats Are Gray”), a drama about the Spanish conquest of Mexico with the pivotal character La Malinche, the quasi-legendary woman agent of Hernán Cortés who is said to have served as a mediator between the Spanish and Mexican…

Lake Todos los Santos, Lake, south-central Chile. It is located north of Puerto Montt. With neighbouring Lake Llanquihue, it is the best-known of Chilean lakes and is in a popular resort

Todos os Santos Bay, sheltered bay of the Atlantic Ocean on the eastern coast of Brazil. A natural harbour, it is 25 miles (40 km) long and 20 miles (32 km) wide. Salvador, the principal seaport and capital of Bahia state, is on the peninsula that separates the bay from the Atlantic. Todos os

Concord, city, Contra Costa county, California, U.S. It lies 30 miles (50 km) east of San Francisco. The area was first inhabited by the Bay Miwok Indians and was explored by the Spanish in the late 18th century. A land grant, called Monte del Diablo, was made in 1834 to Don Salvio Pacheco. Laid

fortification: German channel defenses: The Germans employed Fritz Todt, the engineer who had designed the West Wall, and thousands of impressed labourers to construct permanent fortifications along the Belgian and French coasts facing the English Channel; this was the Atlantic Wall. The line consisted primarily of pillboxes and gun emplacements embedded in…

tody, any of five species of small, brilliantly coloured forest birds constituting the genus Todus of the order Coraciiformes. They occur in the West Indies. Four distinct but closely related broad-billed todies may be found on the islands of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Hispaniola (some systems

tody: The fifth, the narrow-billed tody (T. angustirostris), is found only on Hispaniola. About 9 to 12 cm (3.5 to 5 inches) long, all have grass-green backs and bright red bibs. They dig tiny nest burrows in sandbanks and feed on insects, caught on the wing.

tody: Four distinct but closely related broad-billed todies may be found on the islands of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Hispaniola (some systems of classification group them in a single species, Todus subulatus). The fifth, the narrow-billed tody (T. angustirostris), is found only on Hispaniola. About 9 to 12 cm (3.5…

tody, any of five species of small, brilliantly coloured forest birds constituting the genus Todus of the order Coraciiformes. They occur in the West Indies. Four distinct but closely related broad-billed todies may be found on the islands of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Hispaniola (some systems

artiodactyl: Limb adaptations for fast running: Pigs have four toes on each foot, but only two of them touch the ground. Their limbs are short and not very advanced. Peccaries have lost the outer accessory hind hoof in the back leg. All four toes of each foot of hippopotamuses touch the ground, and the…

subatomic particle: A theory of everything: While GUTs resolve some of the problems with the Standard Model, they remain inadequate in a number of respects. They give no explanation, for example, for the number of pairs of quarks and leptons; they even raise the question of why such…

Common Figure Skating Jumps Explained: When executing a toe jump, a skater plants their toe pick (point) into the ice to help launch themselves into the air. The three toe jumps performed in competition are the flip, the lutz, and the toe loop.

Common Figure Skating Jumps Explained: Toe loop: The toe loop begins with the skater moving backward on a bent leg and then placing the pick of the opposite skate in line behind the lead skate. That assists the lead skate to pole vault the skater into the air. The jump is landed on…

figure skating: Lifts: In the toe overhead lift the couple skates down the ice with the man facing forward and the woman backward. She taps her toe into the ice, assisting her takeoff, as the man lifts her into an overhead position before placing her back on the ice.

ice skating: Evolution of the skate: …were the addition of the toe pick, a group of sawlike teeth located at the toe of the blade, which enabled skaters to obtain better purchase in the ice when doing certain jumps, and the innovation of the “closed-toe” blade of one-piece steel, which added strength to the skate and…

Tuban, city, northwestern East Java (Jawa Timur) propinsi (or provinsi; province), northern Java, Indonesia. It is a fishing port on the Java Sea, about 50 miles (80 km) northwest of Surabaya. Road and railway link it with Babat to the south, and it is connected by road with Rembang and Kudus to

dobsonfly: The larvae, sometimes known as hellgrammites or toe-biters, are aquatic and are eaten by fish, especially bass; they often are used as fish bait by anglers. Mature larvae migrate from their freshwater habitat to wet soil, moss, or decaying vegetation near the water to form pupal cells from which adults…

Toei Company, Ltd., leading Japanese motion-picture studio, the films of which are usually dramas and thrillers for children and rural audiences. Toei was formed in 1951 from the Tōyoko and Ōizumi Studios and the Tokyo Motion Picture Distribution Company. By 1954 it was producing two full-length

Kathy Reichs is an American forensic anthropologist and author of a popular series of mystery books centring on the protagonist Temperance (“Bones”) Brennan. Reichs studied anthropology at American University, earning a B.A. in 1971. She then received an M.A. (1972) and a Ph.D. (1975) in physical

Tumuc-Humac Mountains, mountain range that forms the Brazilian border with French Guiana and Suriname. An eastern extension of the Acarai Mountains, the range extends for about 180 miles (290 km) in an east-west direction and attains elevations of 2,800 feet (850 m). The range constitutes part of