Saintes, town, Charente-Maritime département, Nouvelle-Aquitaine région, western France. It lies along the Charente River, 47 miles (76 km) southeast of La Rochelle. Saintes was the administrative centre of the Charente Inférieure département (now Charente-Maritime) from 1791 until La Rochelle

Guadeloupe: … to the east, and the Saintes Islands (Terre-de-Haut and Terre-de-Bas) to the south. Two French overseas collectivities—Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Martin, the French-administered part of the island of Saint Martin (the southern third of which is administered by the Netherlands as Sint Maarten)—were part of Guadeloupe until 2007. They are situated about

Battle of the Saintes, in the American Revolution, major naval victory on April 9–12, 1782, for Britain in the West Indies that restored British naval mastery in the area and ended the French threat to nearby British possessions. After the Siege of Yorktown (September 29–October 19, 1781), the

Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, village in the Camargue, Bouches-du-Rhône département, Provence–Alpes–Côte d’Azur région, southern France, along the Mediterranean coast. Its name originates in the ancient Provençal tradition that the early Christian figures Mary, sister of the Virgin, and Mary, mother of

Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, village in the Camargue, Bouches-du-Rhône département, Provence–Alpes–Côte d’Azur région, southern France, along the Mediterranean coast. Its name originates in the ancient Provençal tradition that the early Christian figures Mary, sister of the Virgin, and Mary, mother of

saint, a holy person who is believed to have a special relationship to the sacred as well as moral perfection or exceptional teaching abilities. The phenomenon is widespread in the religions of the world, both ancient and contemporary. Various types of religious personages have been recognized as

Saintonge, former province of western France, covering most of the present département of Charente-Maritime. Its chief city was Saintes. Saintonge was originally the territory inhabited by the Santones, a Gallic tribe. Through the Middle Ages, Saintonge shared the political fortunes of neighbouring

African violet, (genus Saintpaulia), genus of six species of flowering plants in the family Gesneriaceae native to higher elevations in tropical eastern Africa. African violets are common houseplants, especially Saintpaulia ionantha, and can thrive in low light conditions and bloom throughout the

African violet: are common houseplants, especially Saintpaulia ionantha, and can thrive in low light conditions and bloom throughout the year. Hundreds of horticultural varieties have been developed for their various flower colours and shapes, including half-sized miniatures.

Clapham Sect, group of evangelical Christians, prominent in England from about 1790 to 1830, who campaigned for the abolition of slavery and promoted missionary work at home and abroad. The group centred on the church of John Venn, rector of Clapham in south London. Its members included William

Edna O’Brien: Other works: … (1984), Lantern Slides (1990), and Saints and Sinners (2011), the last of which won the Frank O’Connor International Short Story Award.

Russia: The Russian Empire: …a different form in the Brotherhood of SS. Cyril and Methodius, in Kiev. This group, among whose members was the Ukrainian poet Taras Shevchenko, believed that a federation of Slav peoples should include the Ukrainians, whom they claimed were not a part of the Russian nation but a distinct nationality.…

Western architecture: Carolingian period: In the church of Saints Marcellinus and Peter at Seligenstadt (830–840) only the three-aisle nave on pillars is original. In the style of the great basilicas of Rome, this church had a hall-shaped, wide transept with a semicircular apse adjoining it. Some churches, such as Centula (Saint-Riquier, France), which…

Murano: …Murano is the basilica of Saints Maria e Donato. In its present state it dates from the 13th century, having been rebuilt several times since its founding in the 7th century. Notable for the beautiful external architecture of the apse, it contains a spring-beam roof and most of the original…

Magdeburg: …Gothic cathedral (1209–1520) dedicated to Saints Maurice and Catherine has survived, and the Monastery of Our Lady (begun c. 1070), the oldest church in the city, has been restored. The Magdeburg Rider, the oldest German equestrian statue (c. 1240), showing Otto the Great, can be seen in Magdeburg’s Cultural History…

Ian Rankin: …in Another Man’s Grave (2012), Saints of the Shadow Bible (2013), Even Dogs in the Wild (2016), In a House of Lies (2018), and A Song for the Dark Times (2020); the latter was the 23rd installment in the series. The Rebus books gave Rankin an opportunity to depict Scotland,…

Western sculpture: Early Gothic: 1250) of Naumburg cathedral. Here, the desire for dramatic tension is exploited to good effect, since the figures—a series of lay founders in contemporary costume—are given a realistic place in the architecture, alongside a triforium gallery. Naumburg also has a notable amount of extremely realistic foliage carving.

Weimar: … (1724–32), Tiefurt Castle, and the Church of Saints Peter and Paul (with an altarpiece by Lucas Cranach the Elder and his son), sometimes called the Herder Church for its association with the critic and theologian Johann Gottfried von Herder. Between 1919 and 1925 Weimar was the seat of the Bauhaus…

Malta: Daily life and social customs: Mnarja, the Feast of St. Peter and St. Paul, takes place on the weekend preceding June 29 in Buskett Gardens in Rabat. It is the country’s principal folk festival and is highlighted by folksinging (għana) contests and fried-rabbit picnics. The annual Carnival is celebrated in various villages…

Western architecture: The early Byzantine period (330–726): In Saints Sergius and Bacchus it stood on an octagonal base, so that no great problems were involved in converting the angular ground plan to a circle on which the dome could rest. But in the others the dome stands above a square, and the transition…

Oliver Cromwell: First chairman of the Council: …came to think that the Assembly of Saints, as it was called, was too hasty and too radical. He also resented the fact that it did not consult him. Later he described this experiment of choosing Saints to govern as an example of his own “weakness and folly.” He sought…

communion of saints, in Christian theology, the fellowship of those united to Jesus Christ in baptism. The phrase is first found in the 5th-century version of the Apostles’ Creed by Nicetas of Remesiana. The original Greek phrase has been translated both as a sharing of the benefits of membership

history of Europe: Devotional life: …popular devotion and the official cult of the saints (the system of religious belief and ritual surrounding the saints). The cult of the saints was celebrated by clergy and laity in the observance of feast days and processions, the veneration of saints’ relics, pilgrimages to saints’ shrines, and the rituals…

church year: The major church calendars: …of Christmas, and (2) the Proper of Saints (Sanctorale), other commemorations on fixed dates of the year. Every season and holy day is a celebration, albeit with different emphases, of the total revelation and redemption of Christ, which are “made present at all times” or proclaim “the paschal mystery as…

church year: Saints’ days and other holy days: …to Christ, since they are commemorated for the virtues in life and death that derive from his grace and holiness. Originally each local church had its own calendar. Standardization came with the fixation of the rites of the great patriarchal sees, which began in the 4th century and was completed…

George Saintsbury was the most influential English literary historian and critic of the early 20th century. His lively style and wide knowledge helped make his works both popular and authoritative. Disappointed at not getting a fellowship at Merton College, Oxford (M.A., 1868), Saintsbury spent

George Saintsbury was the most influential English literary historian and critic of the early 20th century. His lively style and wide knowledge helped make his works both popular and authoritative. Disappointed at not getting a fellowship at Merton College, Oxford (M.A., 1868), Saintsbury spent

Sōchō was a Japanese renga (“linked-verse”) poet and chronicler of the late Muromachi period (1338–1573) who, along with two other renga poets, wrote Minase sangin hyakuin (1488; Minase Sangin Hyakuin: A Poem of One Hundred Links Composed by Three Poets at Minase). Little is known of Sōchō’s early

Saionji Kimmochi was the longest-surviving member of the oligarchy that governed Japan after the Meiji Restoration (1868), which had brought an end to the Edo (Tokugawa) period and formally (if nominally) reestablished the authority of the emperor. As prime minister and elder statesman (genro), he

Saionji Kimmochi was the longest-surviving member of the oligarchy that governed Japan after the Meiji Restoration (1868), which had brought an end to the Edo (Tokugawa) period and formally (if nominally) reestablished the authority of the emperor. As prime minister and elder statesman (genro), he

Saipan, island, one of the Mariana Islands and part of the Northern Mariana Islands commonwealth of the United States, in the western Pacific Ocean. The island is hilly, rising to an elevation of 1,545 feet (471 metres) at Mount Takpochao (Tagpochau); it is 14 miles (23 km) long and 5 miles (8 km)

Battle of Saipan, capture of the island of Saipan during World War II by U.S. Marine and Army units from June 15 to July 9, 1944, in a campaign called Operation Forager. The U.S. was then able to use Saipan as a strategic base from which to attack Japan—and particularly Tokyo—directly with

astronomical map: Star names and designations: …Orion,” Mintaka, the “Belt,” and Saiph, the “Sword,” all follow the Ptolemaic figure; Betelgeuse, from yad al-Jawzah, is an alternative non-Ptolemaic description meaning “hand of Orion”; and Bellatrix, meaning “Female Warrior,” either is a free Latin translation of an independent Arabic title, al-najid, “the conqueror,” or is a modification of…

Muqtada al-Sadr: Kingmaker: …parliamentary elections, Sadr formed the Sairoon (“Moving Forward”) alliance. Reflecting his antisectarian stance, it included his newly formed Istiqāmah (“Integrity”) Party, the Iraqi Communist Party, and smaller parties or civil groups, representing an eclectic mix of Shiʿis, Sunnis, secularists, and liberals. Sairoon promised to combat corruption, reform the state, and…

Sais, ancient Egyptian city (Sai) in the Nile River delta on the Canopic (Rosetta) Branch of the Nile River, in Al-Gharbīyah muḥāfaẓah (governorate). From prehistoric times Sais was the location of the chief shrine of Neith, the goddess of war and of the loom. The city became politically important

land reform: Latin America: …estates are run by the Agricultural Societies of Social Interest (SAIS), a mechanism devised to avoid breaking up economically efficient enterprises rather than to modify the tenure institutions.

State Shintō: …on the ancient precedent of saisei itchi, the unity of religion and government. Traditionally, the kami (gods, or sacred powers), the Japanese emperor, the citizens, and the nation were all considered descendants of common ancestors, and the prosperity of all was assured by coincidence between human politics and the will…

shinshoku: …Ise, the supreme priestess, the saishu (“chief of the religious ceremonies”), ranks even above the supreme priest, the dai-gūji. Formerly the post of supreme priestess was always filled by an unmarried princess of the Imperial family. She devoted herself entirely to the religious ceremonies (matsuri, q.v.) of the Ise Shrine.

Maryse Condé: Un Saison à Rihata (1981; A Season in Rihata) is set in a late 20th-century African land.

Aimé Césaire: …Une Saison au Congo (1966; A Season in the Congo), the epic of the 1960 Congo rebellion and of the assassination of the Congolese political leader Patrice Lumumba. Both depict the fate of black power as forever doomed to failure.

Canadian literature: Contemporary trends: …dans la vie d’Emmanuel (1965; A Season in the Life of Emmanuel), which won the Prix Médicis, presented a scathing denunciation of Quebec rural life, and Godbout’s Salut, Galarneau! (1967; Hail, Galarneau!) described the Americanization of Quebec. Blais went on to receive critical acclaim for Soifs (1995; These Festive Nights),…

A Season in Hell, collection of prose and poetry pieces by French Symbolist poet Arthur Rimbaud, published in 1873, when Rimbaud was 19, as Une Saison en enfer. The collection is a form of spiritual autobiography in which the author comes to a new self-awareness through an examination of his life

Tsutsumi Family: …companies were unified in the Saison Group conglomerate, which in 1988 purchased the Inter-Continental Hotel chain of luxury hotels in the United States, Europe, and the Middle East. An unconventional and artistically inclined businessman, Seiji was also a well-known author of poems and short stories under the pen name of…

Auguste Blanqui: …of Families”) and then the Société des Saisons (“Society of the Seasons”). The latter society’s disastrous attempt at insurrection on May 12, 1839, was the classic prototype of the Blanquist surprise attack. Five hundred armed revolutionaries took the Hôtel de Ville (“City Hall”) of Paris, but, isolated from the rest…

Bernard Saisset was the first bishop of Pamiers (in present-day Ariège département, southern France), an aggressive and outspoken prelate whose activities exacerbated the disputes between Pope Boniface VIII and King Philip IV the Fair of France. Of a noble family of Toulouse, Saisset became an

Germaine Dulac was a French filmmaker known for her impressionistic and experimental silent films, including The Smiling Madame Beudet (1923) and The Seashell and the Clergyman (1928). Dulac’s father was a brigadier general who held posts in different parts of France, and her mother entered a

Saitama, capital of Saitama ken (prefecture), east-central Honshu, Japan. Situated in the southeastern part of the prefecture, the city was created in 2001 through the merger of the former cities of Urawa, Yono, and Ōmiya. It lies near the northern limit of the Tokyo-Yokohama metropolitan area,

Saitama, ken (prefecture), east-central Honshu, Japan. The eastern portion of the prefecture lies on the Kantō Plain, north of Tokyo metropolis. Saitama city in the southeast—created by the merger of Urawa, Ōmiya, and Yono in 2001—is the prefectural capital. The land rises toward the west,

Daisuke Matsuzaka: …who agreed to pay the Seibu Lions more than $51 million for the negotiating rights to Matsuzaka and then signed the pitcher to a six-year contract worth another $52 million.

Saitama: …city is the home of Saitama University (1949). The Shintō Hikawa Shrine in Ōmiya ward is thought to have been established in the 5th century ad. The shrine and nearby Saitama Prefectural Museum are set in parkland known for its springtime cherry blossoms. Also notable is the Museum of Modern…

ancient Egypt: The Late period (664–332 bce): The Saite dynasty generally pursued a foreign policy that avoided territorial expansion and tried to preserve the status quo. Assyria’s power was waning. In 655 bce Psamtik I marched into Philistia in pursuit of the Assyrians, and in 620 bce he apparently repulsed Scythians from the…

pollock, (Pollachius, or Gadus, virens), North Atlantic fish of the cod family, Gadidae. It is known as saithe, or coalfish, in Europe. The pollock is an elongated fish, deep green with a pale lateral line and a pale belly. It has a small chin barbel and, like the cod, has three dorsal and two anal

Tōshūsai Sharaku was one of the most original Japanese artists of the Ukiyo-e movement (paintings and prints of the “floating world”). Tōshūsai is said to have been a nō actor in Awa province (now Tokushima prefecture). His extant works consist of fewer than 160 prints, chiefly of actors. These

Shishaku Saitō Makoto was a Japanese naval officer and statesman who was prime minister of Japan (1932–34) and twice governor-general of Korea (1919–27, 1929–31). Saitō graduated from the Japanese Naval Academy in 1879 and went to the United States for study in 1884, remaining there for some years

Japanese literature: Revitalization of the tanka and haiku: Ishikawa Takuboku, and Saitō Mokichi were probably the most successful practitioners of the new tanka. Akiko’s collection Midaregami (1901; Tangled Hair) stirred female readers especially, not only because of its lyrical beauty but because Akiko herself seemed to be proclaiming a new age of romantic love. Takuboku emerged…

Shaivism, organized worship of the Indian god Shiva and, with Vaishnavism and Shaktism, one of the three principal forms of modern Hinduism. Shaivism includes such diverse movements as the highly philosophical Shaiva-siddhanta, the socially distinctive Lingayat, ascetics such as the dashnami

saivo, one of the Sami regions of the dead, where the deceased, called saivoolmak, lead happy lives in the saivo world with their families and ancestors; they build tents, hunt, fish, and in every way act as they did on earth. In Norway the saivo world was thought to exist in the mountains, whereas

Pat Sajak is an American television personality best known as the four-decade-long host of the television game show Wheel of Fortune (1981–2024). Can you solve this puzzle? (Category: Person). You might be thrown off by the extra letter in Sajak, but it was no mistake! Sajak’s last name was once

Pat Sajak is an American television personality best known as the four-decade-long host of the television game show Wheel of Fortune (1981–2024). Can you solve this puzzle? (Category: Person). You might be thrown off by the extra letter in Sajak, but it was no mistake! Sajak’s last name was once

Bolivia: Relief: …by the republic’s highest peak, Mount Sajama, reaching an elevation of 21,463 feet (6,542 meters). To the east is the Cordillera Oriental, whose spectacular northern section near La Paz is called Cordillera Real (“Royal Range”). An impressive line of snowcapped peaks, some exceeding 20,000 feet (6,100 meters), characterize this northern…

Sayan Mountains, large upland region lying along the frontiers of east-central Russia and Mongolia. Within Russia the mountains occupy the southern parts of the Krasnoyarsk kray (territory) and Irkutsk oblast (region), the northern part of Tyva (Tuva), and the west of Buryatiya. The Sayans form a

Pat Sajak is an American television personality best known as the four-decade-long host of the television game show Wheel of Fortune (1981–2024). Can you solve this puzzle? (Category: Person). You might be thrown off by the extra letter in Sajak, but it was no mistake! Sajak’s last name was once

prayer rug, one of the major types of rug produced in central and western Asia, used by Muslims primarily to cover the bare ground or floor while they pray. Prayer rugs are characterized by the prayer niche, or mihrab, an arch-shaped design at one end of the carpet. The mihrab, which probably

On April 10, 1241, at the Battle of Mohi during the Mongolian invasion of Europe, Batu Khan and his chief general, Subutai, inflicted a crushing defeat on King Béla IV’s Hungarian army, which was renowned for having the best cavalry in Europe. The Mongols burned the city of Pest and seized control

Arabic literature: Belles lettres and narrative prose: …of pre-Islamic discourse known as sajʿ (usually translated as “rhyming prose” but almost certainly a very early form of poetic expression) complicated matters considerably, in that some of the earliest extant Arabic materials consist of the utterances of soothsayers (kuhhān) couched in precisely the same form of discourse. The similarities…

Scythian, member of a nomadic people, originally of Iranian stock, known from as early as the 9th century bce who migrated westward from Central Asia to southern Russia and Ukraine in the 8th and 7th centuries bce. The Scythians founded a rich, powerful empire centred on what is now Crimea. The

India: Central Asian rulers: …in Indian sources as the Shakas (who established the Shaka satrap). They had attacked the kingdom of Bactria and subsequently moved into India. The determination of the Han rulers of China to keep the Central Asian nomadic tribes (the Xiongnu, Wu-sun, and Yuezhi) out of China forced these tribes in…

chronology: Reckonings dated from a historical event: The Śaka, or Salivāhana, era (ad 78), now used throughout India, is the most important of all. It has been used not only in many Indian inscriptions but also in ancient Sanskrit inscriptions in Indochina and Indonesia. The reformed calendar promulgated by the Indian government from…

Saka language, Middle Iranian language spoken in Xinjiang, in northwestern China, by the Saka tribes. Two dialectal varieties are distinguished. Khotanese, from the kingdom of Khotan, is richly attested by Buddhist and other texts dating from the 7th to the 10th century. Most of these writings

arhat: …(sangha), (2) the “once-returner” (sakadagamin), who will be reborn only once in this realm, a state attained by diminishing lust, hatred, and illusion, (3) the “nonreturner” (anagamin), who, after death, will be reborn in a higher heaven, where he will become an arhat, a state attained by overcoming sensuous…

Nakamura Nakazō I was a Japanese kabuki actor who introduced male roles into the kabuki theatre’s dance pieces (shosagoto), which had been traditionally reserved for female impersonators. Nakamura was left an orphan and adopted at the age of five by the music master Nakamura Kojūrō and by O-Shun, a

Shimon Sakaguchi is a Japanese immunologist who was awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his work on the immune system. He shared the prize with American biologists Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell. Sakaguchi received a medical degree in 1976 from Kyōto University and a

Sakai, city, Ōsaka fu (urban prefecture), Honshu, Japan, on Ōsaka Bay. Many large earthen tomb mounds in the area attest to the city’s antiquity. The mausoleum of the emperor Nintoku—1,594 feet (486 m) long and 115 feet (35 m) high—is the largest in Japan. Sakai was a leading seaport and commercial

Yokoyama Taikan was a Japanese painter who, with his friend Hishida Shunsō, contributed to the revitalization of traditional Japanese painting in the modern era. Yokoyama studied Japanese painting with Hashimoto Gahō at the Tokyo Art School and became a favourite of its principal, Okakura Kakuzō

Sakai Hōitsu was a Japanese painter and poet of the late Tokugawa period (1603–1867). The younger brother of a feudal lord, Sakai developed artistic talents in many directions. In 1797, giving poor health as the reason, he became a monk affiliated with the Nishihongan Temple and was raised to a

Senoic languages, subbranch of the Aslian branch of the Mon-Khmer language family, itself a part of the Austroasiatic stock. The main languages, Semai and Temiar, are spoken in the Main Range of the Malay Peninsula. Together their speakers number some 33,000. The former classification of the Senoic

Sakai Hōitsu was a Japanese painter and poet of the late Tokugawa period (1603–1867). The younger brother of a feudal lord, Sakai developed artistic talents in many directions. In 1797, giving poor health as the reason, he became a monk affiliated with the Nishihongan Temple and was raised to a

Sakai Toshihiko was a socialist leader and one of the founders of the Japan Communist Party. Originally a schoolteacher, Sakai became a reporter and in 1903, together with Kōtoku Shūsui, started a weekly paper, the Heimin shimbun (“Peoples News”). Arrested for the espousal of pacifist beliefs

Battle of Wake Island: Sakaibara Shigematsu, interpreted one such attack, in October 1943, as an invasion attempt, prompting him to order the execution of the remaining civilians on the island. On September 4, 1945, two days after Japan formally surrendered, the surviving Japanese troops on Wake Island lowered their…

Sakaida family, celebrated family of Japanese potters whose founder, Sakaida Kizaemon (1596–1666), was awarded the name Kakiemon in recognition of his capturing the delicate red colour and texture of the persimmon (kaki) in porcelain. See Kakiemon

Kakiemon ware: Sakaida Kakiemon I perfected this overglaze technique at Arita in the Kan’ei era (1624–43). It was continued by his family, and, since many of them were also called Kakiemon, the style has become known by that name. Characteristic colours are iron red, light blue, bluish…

Kakiemon ware: Sakaida Kakiemon I perfected this overglaze technique at Arita in the Kan’ei era (1624–43). It was continued by his family, and, since many of them were also called Kakiemon, the style has become known by that name. Characteristic colours are iron red, light blue, bluish…

Sakaide, city, Kagawa ken (prefecture), Shikoku, Japan, facing the Inland Sea. The city has been a centre of salt manufacture since the early 17th century. Part of the salt fields were reclaimed for industrial use after World War II, and Sakaide became heavily industrialized. Besides salt, its

Sakākā, oasis, northwestern Saudi Arabia. It lies on an old caravan route from the Mediterranean Sea coast to the central and southern parts of the Arabian Peninsula. Sakākā lies north of the desert of Al-Nafūd and northeast of Al-Jawf oasis. With government support of agriculture, the main

Sacagawea was a Shoshone Indian woman who, as an interpreter, traveled thousands of wilderness miles with the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804–06), from the Mandan-Hidatsa villages in the Dakotas to the Pacific Northwest. Separating fact from legend in Sacagawea’s life is difficult; historians

Arikara: …the Missouri River bottomlands, creating Lake Sakakawea. More than one-fourth of the Fort Berthold reservation lands were permanently flooded by the rising waters. This and the discovery of oil in the Williston Basin forced another removal, this time to new homes on the arid North Dakota uplands, where farming was…

sakaki, low-spreading, flowering evergreen tree (Cleyera ochnacea), of the family Pentaphylacaceae, used in Shintō to demarcate or decorate sacred spaces. The tree, which grows in warm areas of Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and mainland China, may reach a height of about 10 metres (30 feet) and in spring

Sakakura Junzō was an architect who was one of the first to combine 20th-century European architecture with elements from the traditional Japanese style. Sakakura’s first outstanding work in an East-West blend was the Japanese pavilion at the 1937 World Exposition in Paris. He by then had been

Sakalava, a Malagasy people living in the western third of Madagascar. The Sakalava live in a sparsely populated area of vast plains, grasslands, and rolling foothills. The Sakalava formed the first major Malagasy kingdom, which developed along the southwestern coast in the late 16th century.

Sakamoto Ryōma was a noted imperial loyalist whose effort to forge the Satsuma-Chōshū Alliance (1866) between those two large feudal domains, or hans, was critical in setting the stage for the Meiji Restoration (1868). Descendant of a low-ranking samurai family, Sakamoto early established a

Sakamoto Ryōma was a noted imperial loyalist whose effort to forge the Satsuma-Chōshū Alliance (1866) between those two large feudal domains, or hans, was critical in setting the stage for the Meiji Restoration (1868). Descendant of a low-ranking samurai family, Sakamoto early established a

K’iche’ language: Tz’utujil, Sakapulteko (Sacapultec), and Sipakapense (Sipacapeño) languages of central Guatemala and more distantly related to Poqomchi’, Poqomam, Uspanteko, Q’eqchi’, and other languages of the Eastern Mayan (K’ichean-Mamean) group. Achi’ is officially recognized as a separate language and is usually considered by linguists to be a dialect of…

Georgia, country of Transcaucasia located at the eastern end of the Black Sea on the southern flanks of the main crest of the Greater Caucasus Mountains. It is bounded on the north and northeast by Russia, on the east and southeast by Azerbaijan, on the south by Armenia and Turkey, and on the west

Georgia, country of Transcaucasia located at the eastern end of the Black Sea on the southern flanks of the main crest of the Greater Caucasus Mountains. It is bounded on the north and northeast by Russia, on the east and southeast by Azerbaijan, on the south by Armenia and Turkey, and on the west

Sakarya, city, northwestern Turkey. It lies in a fertile plain west of the Sakarya River, situated along the old military road from Istanbul to the west. The region came under Ottoman control in the early 14th century, and the city acquired its present name at the end of the 18th century. Sakarya

Turkey: Rivers: …basins is that of the Sakarya River, which covers about 500 miles (800 km) from its source, southwest of Ankara, to its mouth, north of Adapazarı.

Turkey: The Fundamental Law and abolition of the sultanate: …but were defeated at the Battle of the Sakarya River (August 24, 1921) and began a long retreat that ended in the Turkish occupation of İzmir (September 9, 1922).

Sīstān, extensive border region, eastern Iran and southwestern Afghanistan. Forty percent of its area is in Iran, as well as the majority of its sparse population. The region comprises a large depression some 1,500–1,700 feet (450–520 m) in elevation. Numerous rivers fill a series of lagoons

Sakata, city, Yamagata ken (prefecture), northern Honshu, Japan, on the Mogami River. A prosperous commercial and fishing port during the Muromachi period (1338–1573), it later developed as a seaport for the shipment of rice along the Sea of Japan coast. The chemical industry was introduced in

Japanese performing arts: Tokugawa period: The actor Sakata Tōjūrō (1647–1709) developed a relatively realistic, gentle style of acting (wagoto) for erotic love stories in Kyōto, while in Edo a stylized, bravura style of acting (aragoto) was created at almost the same time by the actor Ichikawa Danjūrō I (1660–1704) for bombastic fighting…