angiosperm: Leaves: …more subunits called leaflets: in palmately compound leaves, the leaflets radiate from a single point at the distal end of the petiole; in pinnately compound leaves, a row of leaflets forms on either side of an extension of the petiole called the rachis. Some pinnately compound leaves branch again, developing…

conodont: …and subspecies of the conodont Palmatolepis are known to have existed. Other platform types were also common. After this time they began to decline in variety and abundance. By Permian time the conodont animals had almost died out, but they made something of a recovery in the Triassic. By the…

Famennian Stage: …first appearance of the conodont Palmatolepis triangularis. Three-quarters of all known upper Frasnian trilobite genera are represented at the GSSP, many of which subsequently became extinct.

Uys Krige: …a volume of poetic tales, Die palmboom (1940; “The Palm Tree”). He served as a war correspondent with the South African forces in North Africa (1940–41) and was captured at Tobruk. He was sent to Italy as a prisoner of war, and his escape from the prisoner-of-war camp two years…

Palmdale, city, Los Angeles county, southwestern California, U.S. North of the city of Los Angeles, Palmdale lies at the southern end of Antelope Valley. The area was first settled in the 1880s, when the towns of Harold and Palmenthal were formed, the former by railroad workers and the latter by

Olof Palme was the prime minister of Sweden (1969–76, 1982–86), a prominent leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Workers’ Party (Sveriges Socialdemokratiska Arbetar Partiet), Sweden’s oldest continuing party. He became Sweden’s best-known international politician. Born into a wealthy Stockholm

Olof Palme was the prime minister of Sweden (1969–76, 1982–86), a prominent leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Workers’ Party (Sveriges Socialdemokratiska Arbetar Partiet), Sweden’s oldest continuing party. He became Sweden’s best-known international politician. Born into a wealthy Stockholm

baseball: Records and statistics: …McGwire, Sosa, Frank Thomas, and Rafael Palmeiro (who testified, “I have never used steroids. Period”—though he later received a 10-day suspension for steroid use under the major leagues’ new zero-tolerance policy). In March 2006, Major League Baseball Commissioner Bud Selig named former U.S. senator George J. Mitchell to head up…

Pedro de Sousa Holstein, duque de Palmela was a Portuguese liberal statesman and supporter of Queen Maria II. Palmela was born abroad during his father’s tour of duty in the diplomatic corps. His family, and particularly his mother, had suffered from the Marquês de Pombal’s despotism. Educated

Pedro de Sousa Holstein, duque de Palmela was a Portuguese liberal statesman and supporter of Queen Maria II. Palmela was born abroad during his father’s tour of duty in the diplomatic corps. His family, and particularly his mother, had suffered from the Marquês de Pombal’s despotism. Educated

heterochlorid: …cycle; others may include a palmella stage, a condition in which the cells occur in a mucilaginous mass but continue to metabolize. Siliceous cyst walls are formed within the cytoplasm. Representative genera include Nephrochloris, Chloromeson, and Rhizochloris.

Palmer, city, southern Alaska, U.S. Located near the mouth of the Matanuska River, it lies 42 miles (68 km) northeast of Anchorage. The area was long inhabited by Athabascan Indians. George Palmer established a trading post along the river about 1890, and in 1916 the town was established as a

Justin Timberlake: Solo music career and acting roles: In Palmer (2021) he starred as an former convict who befriends a gender-nonconforming boy. Timberlake gained additional notice for his frequent appearances on Saturday Night Live.

Palmer Archipelago, island group off the northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, from which it is separated by Gerlache and Bismarck straits. The archipelago, which includes the islands of Anvers (46 miles [74 km] long by 35 miles [56 km] wide), Liège, Brabant, and Wiencke, was discovered in

beef Wellington: …by a chef for Chicago’s Palmer House hotel, appeared in 1940. Beef Wellington became a popular dish in the 1950s and ’60s, largely thanks to the American chef and cookbook author Julia Child’s having included a recipe for the French variation in her best-selling book Mastering the Art of French…

Palmer Land, broad southern part of the Antarctic Peninsula, about 400 miles (640 km) east of Peter I Island (in the Bellingshausen Sea), claimed by Britain as part of the British Antarctic Territory. It is named after its discoverer, Nathaniel Palmer, captain of a U.S. sealing vessel, who led an

cursive: …who in 1894 introduced the Palmer method: a standardized system of business writing. The Palmer method intended to teach businessmen to write clearly and efficiently, without the ornamentation common in cursive writing. Though originally intended for business use, the Palmer method also gained popularity in schools.

Pennsylvania: The arts: The Palmer Museum of Art (1993), on the campus of Pennsylvania State University, has many fine contemporary paintings.

Antarctic Peninsula, peninsula claimed by the United Kingdom, Chile, and Argentina. It forms an 800-mile (1,300-km) northward extension of Antarctica toward the southern tip of South America. The peninsula is ice-covered and mountainous, the highest point being Mount Jackson at 10,446 feet (3,184

Palmer Raids, raids conducted by the U.S. Department of Justice in 1919 and 1920 in an attempt to arrest foreign anarchists, communists, and radical leftists, many of whom were subsequently deported. The raids, fueled by social unrest following World War I, were led by Attorney General A. Mitchell

Palmer Raids, raids conducted by the U.S. Department of Justice in 1919 and 1920 in an attempt to arrest foreign anarchists, communists, and radical leftists, many of whom were subsequently deported. The raids, fueled by social unrest following World War I, were led by Attorney General A. Mitchell

Clive Palmer: …2013 elections, his newly formed Palmer United Party (PUP) secured nearly 6 percent of the national vote and two Senate seats. Palmer himself was narrowly elected to represent Fairfax, Queensland, in the Australian Parliament. Palmer United earned a third seat in an April 2014 special election. However, two of the…

amaranth: Weed species: At least one species, Palmer’s amaranth (A. palmeri), has developed resistance to the common herbicide glyphosate and is a troublesome pest in genetically modified cotton and soybean crops in the United States.

A. Mitchell Palmer was an American lawyer, legislator, and U.S. attorney general (1919–21) whose highly publicized campaigns against suspected radicals touched off the so-called Red Scare of 1919–20. A devout Quaker from his youth, Palmer—later nicknamed the “Fighting Quaker”—was educated at

Sibyl Swift Sanderson was an American-born opera singer whose native country failed to yield her the considerable appreciation she found in continental Europe. Sanderson early showed remarkable vocal talent, and in 1881, at the age of 15, she was taken to Paris to study singing. After two years she

A. Mitchell Palmer was an American lawyer, legislator, and U.S. attorney general (1919–21) whose highly publicized campaigns against suspected radicals touched off the so-called Red Scare of 1919–20. A devout Quaker from his youth, Palmer—later nicknamed the “Fighting Quaker”—was educated at

Alice Elvira Freeman Palmer was an American educator who exerted a strong and lasting influence on the academic and administrative character of Wellesley (Massachusetts) College during her brief tenure as its president. Alice Freeman had taught herself to read by the time she entered local district

Arnold Palmer was an American golfer who used an unorthodox swing and an aggressive approach to become one of golf’s most successful and well-liked stars from the late 1950s through the mid-1960s. He was the first to win the Masters Tournament four times (1958, 1960, 1962, and 1964) and the first

Arnold Palmer was an American golfer who used an unorthodox swing and an aggressive approach to become one of golf’s most successful and well-liked stars from the late 1950s through the mid-1960s. He was the first to win the Masters Tournament four times (1958, 1960, 1962, and 1964) and the first

Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland was a favourite mistress of the English king Charles II; she bore several of his illegitimate children. According to the diarist Samuel Pepys, she was a woman of exceptional beauty, but others commented on her crude mannerisms. She was the daughter of William

Bertha Honoré Palmer was an American socialite remembered especially for her active contributions to women’s, artistic, and Chicago civic affairs. Bertha Honoré in 1871 married Potter Palmer, a wealthy merchant who shortly afterward became identified with the Palmer House, one of the nation’s

Emerson, Lake & Palmer: December 7, 2016), and Carl Palmer (b. March 20, 1950, Birmingham, England).

Cincinnati Bengals: Struggles in the 1990s and 2000s: …as a team featuring quarterback Carson Palmer and wide receiver Chad Johnson won a divisional title before losing to the eventual champion Pittsburgh Steelers in the playoffs. The Bengals captured a division championship in 2009 and qualified for the playoffs for five straight years, a first in franchise history, from…

Charles Fitzroy, 1st duke of Southampton was the natural son of Charles II by Barbara Villiers, countess of Castlemaine. When his mother became duchess of Cleveland and countess of Southampton in 1670, he was allowed to assume the name of Fitzroy and the courtesy title of earl of Southampton. In

Clive Palmer is an Australian businessman and politician known for the wide reach of his business operations, which significantly included the mining company Mineralogy. Palmer was raised in the Melbourne suburb of Williamstown until his asthma, aggravated by industrial pollution, compelled the

Clive Palmer is an Australian businessman and politician known for the wide reach of his business operations, which significantly included the mining company Mineralogy. Palmer was raised in the Melbourne suburb of Williamstown until his asthma, aggravated by industrial pollution, compelled the

chiropractic: Palmer, who reportedly cured deafness in one individual by realigning a misaligned vertebrae. Doctors of chiropractic are trained in and through accredited chiropractic colleges. Procedures include the adjustment and manipulation of the articulations and adjacent tissues of the human body, particularly of the spinal column,…

E.H. Palmer was an English Orientalist, distinguished as a linguist and as a traveler. Among his many translations is a version of the Qurʾān—the sacred scripture of Islam—that, despite some inaccuracies, captures the spirit and poetry of the original. As a student, Palmer showed remarkable

E.H. Palmer was an English Orientalist, distinguished as a linguist and as a traveler. Among his many translations is a version of the Qurʾān—the sacred scripture of Islam—that, despite some inaccuracies, captures the spirit and poetry of the original. As a student, Palmer showed remarkable

Vance Palmer was an Australian author of novels, short stories, and plays whose work is noted for disciplined diction and frequent understatement. He is considered one of the founders of Australian drama. Palmer was born and educated in Queensland. He published his first work in English magazines

Geoffrey Palmer is a New Zealand lawyer, educator, and politician who served as New Zealand Labour Party leader and prime minister of New Zealand in 1989–90. Palmer was educated at Victoria University of Wellington (B.A., LL.B.) and in the U.S., at the University of Chicago. He worked as a

Jim Palmer is an American professional baseball player who won three Cy Young Awards (1973, 1975–76) as the best pitcher in the American League (AL) and who had a lifetime earned-run average (ERA) of 2.86, a 268–152 record, and 2,212 career strikeouts. He played his entire career (1965–84) with the

Jim Palmer is an American professional baseball player who won three Cy Young Awards (1973, 1975–76) as the best pitcher in the American League (AL) and who had a lifetime earned-run average (ERA) of 2.86, a 268–152 record, and 2,212 career strikeouts. He played his entire career (1965–84) with the

Dick Turpin was an English robber who became celebrated in legend and fiction. Son of an alehouse keeper, Turpin was apprenticed to a butcher, but, having been detected at cattle stealing, he joined a notorious gang of deer stealers and smugglers in Essex. When the gang was broken up, Turpin in

Bath: …1775; Lansdown Crescent, built by John Palmer, 1796–97; and the 1795 pavilion in Sydney Gardens, Bathwick, which now houses the art collection of the Holburne Museum. In 1942 the Assembly Rooms of 1771 were destroyed in an air raid from which the whole city suffered severely, but extensive reconstruction, as…

John G. Carlisle: …the free-silver movement, to support John M. Palmer, candidate of the National Democratic Party (Gold Democrats). As a result of this switch of allegiance, Carlisle lost popular support in his native Kentucky; from 1897 he practiced law in New York City.

The Counterfeit Traitor: …fellow spy Marianne Möllendorf (Lilli Palmer), with whom he develops an intense romantic relationship. After the Gestapo uncovers the truth about Möllendorf, the couple is arrested. Erickson witnesses her execution but is able to convince his captors of his innocence. His reprieve is brief, however, as a member of…

Nathaniel Palmer was an American sea captain and explorer after whom Palmer Land, a stretch of western Antarctic coast and islands, is named. Palmer went to sea at the age of 14. He served first as a sailor on a blockade runner in the War of 1812. He later became a sealer, and his South Sea

Nathaniel Palmer was an American sea captain and explorer after whom Palmer Land, a stretch of western Antarctic coast and islands, is named. Palmer went to sea at the age of 14. He served first as a sailor on a blockade runner in the War of 1812. He later became a sealer, and his South Sea

Project Ozma: …observatory by Benjamin Zuckerman and Patrick Palmer, who intermittently monitored more than 650 nearby stars for about four years (1973–76).

sabermetrics: Bill James and the advent of sabermetrics: …by John Thorn and sabermetrician Pete Palmer, was published. In addition to summarizing a number of the key sabermetric principles known at the time, it also popularized “linear weights,” which essentially hearkened back to Lane’s work of many decades earlier. Palmer took the concept to a different level, with his…

Phoebe Worrall Palmer was an American evangelist and religious writer, an influential and active figure in the 19th-century Holiness movement in Christian fundamentalism. Phoebe Worrall was reared in a strict Methodist home. In 1827 she married Walter C. Palmer, a homeopathic physician and also a

Potter Palmer was an American merchant and real-estate promoter who was responsible for the development of much of the downtown district and the Lake Shore Drive area of Chicago after the city’s great fire of 1871. Palmer started as a clerk in a general store in Durham, New York. In two years he

glam rock: …glam rockers were, as critic Robert Palmer put it, “rebelling against the rebellion.” At glam’s core musically was a heavy guitar sound shaped by hard-rock and pop styles, though the movement also had heavy metal, art rock, and punk incarnations.

Roundell Palmer, 1st earl of Selborne was a British lord high chancellor (1872–74, 1880–85) who almost singlehandedly drafted a comprehensive judicial-reform measure, the Supreme Court of Judicature Act of 1873. Under this statute, the complex duality of English court systems—common law and

Samuel Palmer was an English painter and etcher of visionary landscapes who was a disciple of William Blake. Palmer’s father, a bookseller, encouraged him to become a painter. By 1819 he had already exhibited small landscape studies at the Royal Academy. The works that survive from 1819 to 1821 are

golf: The Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA): Carol Mann, Sandra Haynie, and Sandra Palmer helped maintain a reasonable level of popularity for the LPGA throughout the 1960s. Star players who emerged during the following decade include Jan Stephenson, Jo-Anne Carner, Amy Alcott, and Judy Rankin. The most notable player to emerge during the ’70s was Nancy Lopez,

Geoffrey Palmer is a New Zealand lawyer, educator, and politician who served as New Zealand Labour Party leader and prime minister of New Zealand in 1989–90. Palmer was educated at Victoria University of Wellington (B.A., LL.B.) and in the U.S., at the University of Chicago. He worked as a

Timothy Palmer was a U.S. pioneer builder of covered timber truss bridges. A millwright, he was also a self-taught carpenter and architect, and in 1792 he built the Essex-Merrimack Bridge over the Merrimack River near Newburyport. Composed of two trussed arches meeting at an island in the river,

Vance Palmer was an Australian author of novels, short stories, and plays whose work is noted for disciplined diction and frequent understatement. He is considered one of the founders of Australian drama. Palmer was born and educated in Queensland. He published his first work in English magazines

Robert Heller was a British-born magician who popularized conjuring in the United States. Trained as a musician, Heller turned to magic after he saw a performance by the French magician Robert-Houdin in 1848. Heller settled in the United States, where he found success as a magician in the 1860s. At

William Waldegrave Palmer, 2nd earl of Selborne was the first lord of the Admiralty (1900–05) in Great Britain and high commissioner for South Africa (1905–10). He helped initiate the rebuilding of the fleet into a force strong enough to oppose a greatly expanded German navy in World War I and

Darwin, capital and chief port of Northern Territory, Australia. It is situated on a low peninsula northeast of the entrance to its harbour, Port Darwin, a deep inlet of Beagle Gulf of the Timor Sea. The harbour was found in 1839 by John Stokes, surveyor aboard the ship HMS Beagle and was named for

Palmerston Atoll, atoll of the southern Cook Islands, a self-governing state in free association with New Zealand in the South Pacific Ocean. A coral formation made up of six small islets, it has a 7-mile- (11-km-) wide lagoon that lacks clear passage to the open sea. Covered with coconut and

Palmerston North, city, southern North Island, New Zealand, overlooking the Manawatu River. The settlement, named for Lord Palmerston, prime minister of England, was founded in 1866 and declared successively a town (1868), a borough (1877), and a city (1930). It lies at the junction of road and

Lord Palmerston was an English Whig-Liberal statesman whose long career, including many years as British foreign secretary (1830–34, 1835–41, and 1846–51) and prime minister (1855–58 and 1859–65), made him a symbol of British nationalism. The christening of Henry John Temple in the “House of

folk art: Religious art: …German sculptural type is the Palmesel, a half-size figure of Christ on the donkey, which is drawn through the streets on its wheeled base on Palm Sunday.

palmetto, Tree (Sabal palmetto) of the palm family, occurring in the southeastern U.S. and the West Indies. Commonly grown for shade and as ornamentals along avenues, palmettos grow to about 80 ft (24 m) tall and have fan-shaped leaves. The water-resistant trunk is used as wharf piling. Mats and

South Carolina, constituent state of the United States of America, one of the 13 original colonies. It lies on the southern Eastern Seaboard of the United States. Shaped like an inverted triangle with an east-west base of 285 miles (459 km) and a north-south extent of about 225 miles (360 km), the

Selim Palmgren was a Finnish pianist and composer who helped establish the nationalist movement in Finnish music. Palmgren studied at the Helsinki Conservatory in 1895 and with Ferrucio Busoni in Germany (1899–1901). In 1909 he became conductor at Turku, Fin., where he produced his opera Daniel

Eddie Palmieri was an American pianist, composer, arranger, and bandleader who blended jazz piano with various Latin American popular music styles and was an important trailblazer in the development of salsa music. Palmieri grew up in New York City in a Puerto Rican—or “Nuyorican”—household and was

Eddie Palmieri was an American pianist, composer, arranger, and bandleader who blended jazz piano with various Latin American popular music styles and was an important trailblazer in the development of salsa music. Palmieri grew up in New York City in a Puerto Rican—or “Nuyorican”—household and was

seismograph: Development of the first seismographs: In 1855 Italian scientist Luigi Palmieri designed a seismograph that consisted of several U-shaped tubes filled with mercury and oriented toward the different points of the compass. When the ground shook, the motion of the mercury made an electrical contact that stopped a clock and simultaneously started a recording…

humanism: Active virtue: Matteo Palmieri wrote that

Palmira, city, Valle del Cauca departamento (department), southwestern Colombia. It lies in the rich Cauca River valley. Founded in 1688, the city has long been an important agricultural and livestock-raising centre. Now the second largest city in its department, Palmira is referred to as the

palmistry, reading of character and divination of the future by interpretation of lines and undulations on the palm of the hand. The origins of palmistry are uncertain. It may have begun in ancient India and spread from there. It was probably from their original Indian home that the traditional

carboxylic acid: Saturated aliphatic acids: to C18 (lauric, myristic, palmitic, and stearic), are present in the fats and oils of many animals and plants, with palmitic and stearic acids being the most prevalent. Lauric acid (C12) is the main acid in coconut oil (45–50 percent) and palm kernel oil (45–55 percent). Nutmeg butter is…

metabolism: Fatty acids: …molecule with 16 carbon atoms, palmityl-S-ACP, is formed. In most organisms a deacylase catalyzes the release of free palmitic acid; in a few, synthesis continues, and an acid with 18 carbon atoms is formed. The fatty acids can then react with coenzyme A (compare reaction [21]) to form fatty acyl…

Colgate-Palmolive Company: …the firm was bought by Palmolive-Peet Company, whose founder, B.J. Johnson, had developed the formula for Palmolive soap in 1898. At the turn of the 20th century, Palmolive—which contained both palm and olive oils—was the world’s best-selling soap.

palm: Evolution: …Sabal magothiensis and stems of Palmoxylon cliffwoodensis from the Late Cretaceous, about 80 million years ago. By the middle of the Maastrichtian, some 69 million years ago, pollen supposedly representative of Nypa fruticans and Acrocomia is present. These records place palms among the earliest recognizable modern families of flowering plants.…

Baptist General Conference: …developed from the work of Gustaf Palmquist, a Swedish immigrant schoolteacher and lay preacher who became a Baptist in 1852. He established the first Swedish Baptist Church in Rock Island, Ill., that same year. Palmquist and other Swedish Baptists worked in several Midwestern states among Swedish immigrants. The movement received…

Christian Morgenstern: …include Galgenlieder (1905; “Gallows Songs”); Palmström (1910), named for an absurd character; and three volumes published posthumously: Palma Kunkel (1916), Der Gingganz (1919), and Die Schallmühle (1928; “The Noise Mill”), all collected in Alle Galgenlieder (1932).

PDA, an electronic handheld organizer used in the 1990s and 2000s to store contact information, manage calendars, communicate by e-mail, and handle documents and spreadsheets, usually in communication with the user’s personal computer (PC). The first PDAs were developed in the early 1990s as

measurement system: Greeks and Romans: 97 inch); and the palm (palmus), or 14 Roman foot, was 74 mm (2.91 inches).

Palmyra, town (township), Wayne county, western New York, U.S., on the New York State Canal System, 20 miles (32 km) east-southeast of Rochester. Founded in 1789 as a frontier town and named for the ancient Syrian city of Palmyra, the locale is associated with Joseph Smith, whose claims of visions

Palmyra, ancient city in south-central Syria, 130 miles (210 km) northeast of Damascus. The site was continuously inhabited from the Neolithic Period until the 1930s, when a modern city by the same name was built less than a half-mile (and less than a kilometer) east of the ancient city. Its

Palmyra Atoll, coral atoll, unincorporated territory of the United States, in the Northern Line Islands in the west-central Pacific Ocean, about 1,000 miles (1,600 km) southwest of Honolulu. It comprises some 50 islets with a combined area of 4 square miles (10 square km) and an average elevation

brush: …from a Brazilian palm and palmyra bassine derived from the palmyra palm of Africa and Sri Lanka. Such plant fibres are converted into brush material by soaking, beating, and drying. Cotton fibres also can be used for brush bristles. They are treated with acetic acid followed by diffusion of the…

palm: Economic importance: …pinnata), the palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer), the wild date (Phoenix sylvestris), the toddy palm (Caryota urens), the nipa palm, and the gebang and talipot palms (Corypha elata and C. umbraculifera). Wine is made from species of the raffia palm in Africa and from the gru gru palm (

Aramaic language: …spoken in parts of Arabia), Palmyrene (spoken in Palmyra, which was northeast of Damascus), Palestinian-Christian, and Judeo-Aramaic. West Aramaic is still spoken in a small number of villages in Syria.

Aramaic language: …spoken in parts of Arabia), Palmyrene (spoken in Palmyra, which was northeast of Damascus), Palestinian-Christian, and Judeo-Aramaic. West Aramaic is still spoken in a small number of villages in Syria.

Palmyrenian alphabet, Semitic script used in Palmyra, a city on the trade routes between Syria and Mesopotamia, from the 3rd to the 2nd century bc until shortly after the conquest of the city by the Romans in ad 272. Developed from the Aramaic alphabet, Palmyric had 22 letters and was written from

Palmyrenian alphabet, Semitic script used in Palmyra, a city on the trade routes between Syria and Mesopotamia, from the 3rd to the 2nd century bc until shortly after the conquest of the city by the Romans in ad 272. Developed from the Aramaic alphabet, Palmyric had 22 letters and was written from

Palani Hills, range of hills, an eastward extension of the Western Ghats, in southwestern Tamil Nadu state, southern India. The range is a continuation of the Anaimalai Hills in Kerala state. The Palanis are about 45 miles (70 km) wide and 15 miles (23 km) long. In the south the hills terminate

Palo Alto, city, Santa Clara county, northern California, U.S. Located 35 miles (55 km) south of San Francisco and 14 miles (23 km) north of San Jose, it lies on the western shore of San Francisco Bay. Gaspar de Portolá’s 1769 expedition is said to have camped near El Palo Alto (referring to “the

Margaret Qualley: Early acting roles: …small part in Gia Coppola’s Palo Alto (2013), a movie based on actor James Franco’s short-story collection. Soon afterward she earned a recurring role on the acclaimed television series The Leftovers (2014–17), about a small town grappling with the unexplained disappearance of 140 million people globally in what some believe…

PARC, research company established in 1970 as a division of Xerox Corporation in Palo Alto, California, U.S., to explore new information technologies that were not necessarily related to the company’s core photocopier business. Many innovations in computer design were developed by PARC researchers,

Battle of Palo Alto, (May 8, 1846), first clash in the Mexican-American War, fought in the disputed territory between the Nueces and the Rio Grande rivers. The site of the battle is in present-day southeastern Texas, U.S., about 9 miles (14.5 km) northeast of Matamoros, Mexico. Gen. Mariano Arista

Ironwood Forest National Monument: …preserves a significant stand of desert ironwood trees (Olneya tesota), a species endemic to the Sonoran Desert. The ironwood was named for the extreme density of its wood; it can reach 45 feet (14 metres) in height and live for more than 800 years. It serves as a “nurse plant,”…

palo verde, (genus Parkinsonia), (Spanish: “green stick”), any of about 12 species of green trees and shrubs in the pea family (Fabaceae). Palo verde species are scattered throughout the arid regions of the southwestern United States, Mexico, Central America, and Venezuela. The plants are commonly