McArdle disease, rare hereditary deficiency of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase in muscle cells. In the absence of this enzyme, muscles cannot break down animal starch (glycogen) into simple sugars needed to meet the energy requirements of exercise. Muscle activity is thus solely dependent on the

McArdle disease, rare hereditary deficiency of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase in muscle cells. In the absence of this enzyme, muscles cannot break down animal starch (glycogen) into simple sugars needed to meet the energy requirements of exercise. Muscle activity is thus solely dependent on the

muscle disease: Glycogenoses: In 1951 British physician Brian McArdle discovered a disorder of muscle that caused cramplike pains yet was not associated with the normal production of lactic acid from exercise. The defect was later identified as an absence of phosphorylase, the enzyme involved in the first step in the splitting off…

McArthur River, river in northeastern Northern Territory, Australia, rising about 45 miles (70 km) south of Anthony Lagoon, along the scarp that marks the northern edge of the Barkly Tableland, and flowing northwest for 150 miles (240 km) across rugged country to Port McArthur on the Gulf of

Malta: Education: …Malta at Msida and the Malta College of Arts, Science, and Technology (MCAST) are the country’s principal institutions of higher education. The former was founded as a Jesuit college in 1592, established as a state institution in 1769, and refounded in 1988. It offers courses in most disciplines and has…

Catherine Elizabeth McAuley was the founder of the Sisters of Mercy (R.S.M.), a congregation of Roman Catholic nuns engaged in education and social service. In 1990 she was declared “Venerable,” the first stage in being made a saint, by Pope John Paul II. McAuley was one of three children born to

James Phillip McAuley was an Australian poet noted for his classical approach, great technical skill, and academic point of view. Educated at the University of Sydney, he taught for a while, served with Australian forces in World War II, and then became a senior lecturer at the Australian School of

Anthony C. McAuliffe was a U.S. Army general who commanded the force defending Bastogne, Belgium, in the Battle of the Bulge (December 1944) during World War II. Graduating from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, N.Y. (1919), McAuliffe was commissioned in the field artillery and held routine

Anthony C. McAuliffe was a U.S. Army general who commanded the force defending Bastogne, Belgium, in the Battle of the Bulge (December 1944) during World War II. Graduating from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, N.Y. (1919), McAuliffe was commissioned in the field artillery and held routine

Christa Corrigan McAuliffe was an American teacher who was chosen to be the first private citizen in space. The death of McAuliffe and her fellow crew members in the 1986 space shuttle Challenger disaster was deeply felt by the nation and had a strong effect on the U.S. space program. Christa

Evan Hunter was a prolific American writer of best-selling fiction, of which more than 50 books are crime stories published under the pseudonym Ed McBain. Hunter graduated from Hunter College (1950) and held various short-term jobs, including playing piano in a jazz band and teaching in vocational

James McBride is an American author and musician known for his acclaimed works of historical fiction and autobiography, including the best-selling memoir The Color of Water (1996) and the National Book Award-winning novel The Good Lord Bird (2013). McBride was the eighth child of an interracial and

Mary Margaret McBride was an American journalist and broadcaster, perhaps best remembered for the warm down-home personality she projected on her highly popular long-running radio program. McBride moved frequently from farm to farm with her family. Her schooling was similarly episodic until 1906,

Patricia McBride is an American ballerina best known for her performances with New York City Ballet. McBride began her dance training when she was seven years old. At age 13 she began classes in New York City with Sonia Doubrovinskaya and at the School of American Ballet, making her debut in 1957

Sarah McBride is an American politician serving as Delaware’s sole member of the U.S. House of Representatives (2025– ). When she took office in January 2025, McBride became the first openly transgender member of Congress. She previously served as a state senator (2020–25). McBride, a progressive

Sir Richard McBride was a statesman who was the premier of British Columbia from 1903 to 1915. A lawyer, McBride entered the British Columbian legislature in 1898 and was appointed minister of mines in 1900. After one year as leader of his party in opposition, he became Conservative premier for the

Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), former governing body of cricket, founded in London in 1787. The Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) laid down the first set of laws for the game of cricket in 1788 and continued to act as the global governing body for the game until the late 20th century, a role now

Nepal: Federal republic: …a 2017 compact with the Millennial Challenge Corporation (MCC), a foreign assistance program established by the United States Congress in 2004. With the compact due to expire in February 2022 without ratification, parliament was under pressure to approve the agreement despite significant opposition domestically. After years in the fray between…

fair trade: History: …sewing group run by the Mennonite Central Committee (MCC) in Puerto Rico. Byler began selling the group’s crafts to friends and neighbours in the United States. In 1962 her project was adopted by the MCC as the Overseas Needlework and Crafts Project. It was renamed Ten Thousand Villages in 1996.

Metropolitan Community Churches (MCC), worldwide Protestant denomination founded in 1968 and focusing its outreach endeavors on persons who identify themselves as homosexual, bisexual, transgender, and queer Christians. Although most MCC members are LGBTQ, membership is open to all individuals

Melbourne Cricket Ground: The Melbourne Cricket Club (MCC) was founded in 1838 and was granted the land on which the club now stands in 1853 when it was forced to move from its most recent site to make way for Australia’s first steam railway line. An 1876 stand—now long…

Central American Common Market (CACM), association of five Central American nations that was formed to facilitate regional economic development through free trade and economic integration. Established by the General Treaty on Central American Economic Integration signed by Guatemala, Honduras, El

Robert Altman: M*A*S*H and the 1970s: …response to Altman’s next film, McCabe and Mrs. Miller (1971), but, as time passed, praise grew for this revisionist “anti-western,” Cowritten by Altman, it was a film of rare beauty, set at the turn of the 20th century in a boomtown in the Pacific Northwest, and it offered a symbolic…

Irish literature: The 1960s and beyond: Among these, the work of Patrick McCabe, in particular The Butcher Boy (1992) and The Dead School (1995), stands out. So too does that of John Banville, among Ireland’s preeminent novelists at the end of the 20th century. His extraordinary novel Birchwood (1973) is a postmodern, post-Joycean revisitation of the…

San Francisco 49ers: Brock Purdy: …players as star running back Christian McCaffrey, who only played four games due to a knee injury. After posting a losing record that year, the 49ers rebounded in 2025, finishing 12–5. The team defeated the Philadelphia Eagles in the wild card round but lost to the Seattle Seahawks in the…

American presidential election held on November 4, 2008, in which, after a campaign that lasted nearly two years, Americans elected Democrat Barack Obama their 44th president. The result was historic, as Obama, a first-term U.S. senator from Illinois, became, when he was inaugurated on January 20,

Cindy McCain is an American businesswoman and humanitarian and the wife of U.S. senator and two-time Republican presidential candidate John McCain. After serving as the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations (UN) Agencies for Food and Agriculture (2021–23), she was appointed by UN Secretary-General

John McCain was a U.S. senator who was the Republican Party’s nominee for president in 2008 but was defeated by Barack Obama. McCain represented Arizona in the U.S. House of Representatives (1983–87) before being elected to the U.S. Senate (1987–2018). Although a self-described conservative “foot

John McCain was a U.S. senator who was the Republican Party’s nominee for president in 2008 but was defeated by Barack Obama. McCain represented Arizona in the U.S. House of Representatives (1983–87) before being elected to the U.S. Senate (1987–2018). Although a self-described conservative “foot

Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA), U.S. legislation that was the first major amendment of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (FECA) since the extensive 1974 amendments that followed the Watergate scandal. The primary purpose of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) was to

American presidential election held on November 4, 2008, in which, after a campaign that lasted nearly two years, Americans elected Democrat Barack Obama their 44th president. The result was historic, as Obama, a first-term U.S. senator from Illinois, became, when he was inaugurated on January 20,

glacier: Mass balance of mountain glaciers: McCall Glacier, in the northwestern part of the Brooks Range in Alaska, has the lowest activity index (two millimetres per metre) measured in western North America. Glaciers in intermediate climates have intermediate equilibrium-line altitudes, accumulation or ablation totals, and activity indices.

Alexander McCall Smith is a British writer, creator of a series of novels about Precious Ramotswe, a fictional character who is Botswana’s only female detective. McCall Smith was raised in Southern Rhodesia and moved to Scotland at age 18 to study at the University of Edinburgh. He received a law

Alexander McCall Smith is a British writer, creator of a series of novels about Precious Ramotswe, a fictional character who is Botswana’s only female detective. McCall Smith was raised in Southern Rhodesia and moved to Scotland at age 18 to study at the University of Edinburgh. He received a law

graphic design: Postwar graphic design in the United States: …Bazaar) and Otto Storch (at McCall’s) extended Brodovitch’s imaginative approach to page layout in large-format magazines. Storch believed concept, text, type, and image should be inseparable in editorial design, and he applied this belief to the editorial pages of McCall’s.

bridge: Timber truss bridges: Burr’s McCall’s Ferry Bridge (1815; on the Susquehanna River near Lancaster, Pennsylvania) had a record-breaking span of 108 meters (360 feet). Another successful design was the “lattice truss,” patented by Ithiel Town in 1820, in which top and bottom chords were made of horizontal timbers connected…

Wild Bill Hickok: Final years: …back of his head by Jack McCall, who may have been hired to kill him. McCall was tried and acquitted of murder as a result of his dubious claim that the killing was in revenge for Hickok’s murder of his brother in Abilene. Later, after bragging of his murder of…

Larry Holmes: …April 8, 1995, Holmes challenged Oliver McCall for the WBC heavyweight crown but lost in 12 rounds. After winning his next four bouts, Holmes fought Brian Nielsen for the International Boxing Organization heavyweight title on January 24, 1997, but was defeated. Holmes retired from the sport in 2002, with a…

Val McCalla was a Jamaican-born British publisher who founded The Voice, an influential British newspaper focusing on black issues and interests. Before moving to England at age 15, McCalla studied accounting at Kingston College, a Jamaican high school. He served in the Royal Air Force, failing to

Val McCalla was a Jamaican-born British publisher who founded The Voice, an influential British newspaper focusing on black issues and interests. Before moving to England at age 15, McCalla studied accounting at Kingston College, a Jamaican high school. He served in the Royal Air Force, failing to

Billy Budd: …who befriends Budd, and by David McCallum, as an officer racked by conscience versus duty.

Elsie Widdowson: …with her longtime research partner, Robert A. McCance, guided the British government’s World War II food-rationing program.

Bruce McCandless was an American naval aviator and astronaut, the first person to conduct an untethered free flight in space. McCandless was the son of an admiral and the grandson of a commodore. He received a B.S. from the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, in 1958. After two

Bruce McCandless was an American naval aviator and astronaut, the first person to conduct an untethered free flight in space. McCandless was the son of an admiral and the grandson of a commodore. He received a B.S. from the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, in 1958. After two

Christopher McCandless was an American adventurer who died from starvation and possibly poisoning, at age 24, while camping alone on a remote trail in Alaska. His death made him a figure of controversy, admired by some as an idealist in the tradition of David Thoreau and Leo Tolstoy but disparaged

Christopher McCandless was an American adventurer who died from starvation and possibly poisoning, at age 24, while camping alone on a remote trail in Alaska. His death made him a figure of controversy, admired by some as an idealist in the tradition of David Thoreau and Leo Tolstoy but disparaged

Wild Bill Hickok: The McCanles Massacre: There are many versions of the shootout that occurred at Rock Creek on July 12, 1861, shortly after the start of the Civil War, and all, in one way or another, contributed to Hickok’s legend. At the time of the so-called McCanles Massacre,…

Wild Bill Hickok: The McCanles Massacre: …been given to him by David McCanles, who had sold the buildings that became the Pony Express’s Rock Creek station, on credit, to Russell, Majors and Waddell. McCanles also acted as the station’s manager before the company replaced him with Horace Wellman, and McCanles had reputedly ridiculed Hickok during his…

Roberta Flack: Career: …gained notice from jazz musician Les McCann, who later wrote in the liner notes of her debut album First Take (1969), “Her voice touched, tapped, trapped, and kicked every emotion I’ve ever known. I laughed, cried, and screamed for more.” McCann arranged for Flack to audition for Atlantic Records producer…

Mary Wells Lawrence: …joined the advertising agency of McCann-Erickson, Inc., where she worked from 1953 to 1956. She then moved to Doyle Dane Bernbach, where she became copy chief and vice president in 1963. In 1964 she became a senior partner at Jack Tinker & Partners, an agency noted for its creativity. There…

Eliza Johnson was an American first lady (1865–69), the wife of Andrew Johnson, 17th president of the United States. Eliza McCardle was the only child of John McCardle, a shoemaker and innkeeper, and Sarah Phillips McCardle. While the McCardle family Bible recorded that Eliza was born in

Ex Parte McCardle, (1869), refusal of the U.S. Supreme Court to hear a case involving the Reconstruction Acts. The court’s refusal marked the apogee of Radical Republican power to determine national policy. William H. McCardle was a Mississippi editor who was arrested and jailed for sedition after

Leo McCarey was an American director and writer who was perhaps best known for his light comedies, notably the classics Duck Soup (1933) and The Awful Truth (1937), but who also made several popular romances and sentimental films. McCarey graduated from the University of Southern California law

Leo McCarey was an American director and writer who was perhaps best known for his light comedies, notably the classics Duck Soup (1933) and The Awful Truth (1937), but who also made several popular romances and sentimental films. McCarey graduated from the University of Southern California law

Las Vegas: Wartime and early postwar growth: Nevada Senator Pat McCarran successfully lobbied the federal government to establish two major installations near Las Vegas in 1941: a magnesium-processing plant southeast of the city in Henderson and a military airfield just to the northeast. The latter, now Nellis Air Force Base, eventually grew to occupy…

Theodore McCarrick was a former Roman Catholic archbishop and cardinal who, after being accused of sexually abusing teenage boys and young men between the 1970s and the early 21st century, was the first American prelate in history to resign (2018) from the Sacred College of Cardinals. He was later

Theodore McCarrick was a former Roman Catholic archbishop and cardinal who, after being accused of sexually abusing teenage boys and young men between the 1970s and the early 21st century, was the first American prelate in history to resign (2018) from the Sacred College of Cardinals. He was later

Brat Pack: New York magazine and the Brat Pack label: …Cruise, Penn, Hutton, Matt Dillon, Andrew McCarthy, and Nicolas Cage. Blum did not include any actresses, only briefly mentioning Demi Moore (a St. Elmo’s Fire cast member) and Melissa Gilbert (former star of the TV show Little House on the Prairie) in terms of their romances with Estevez and Lowe,…

Cormac McCarthy was an American writer in the Southern gothic tradition whose novels, about wayward characters in the rural American South and Southwest, are noted for their dark violence, dense prose, and stylistic complexity. McCarthy achieved public fame late in his career with the publication

Edgar Bergen: …foil of his ventriloquist’s dummy Charlie McCarthy. The Edgar Bergen-Charlie McCarthy Show was a permanent fixture on American network radio from 1937 until 1957. Other characters created by Bergen, such as Mortimer Snerd and Effie Klinker, were woven into the perennially popular program, which was rated as radio’s most popular…

radio: Sports: …in vocal quality was gravel-voiced Clem McCarthy, whose main interest was horse racing. McCarthy frequently covered the Kentucky Derby, memorably calling the victories of Seabiscuit and Whirlaway. McCarthy covered boxing as well, a highlight being his passionate description of Joe Louis’s victory over Max Schmeling in 1938. Also popular was…

Cormac McCarthy was an American writer in the Southern gothic tradition whose novels, about wayward characters in the rural American South and Southwest, are noted for their dark violence, dense prose, and stylistic complexity. McCarthy achieved public fame late in his career with the publication

Eugene McCarthy was a U.S. senator, whose entry into the 1968 race for the Democratic presidential nomination ultimately led President Lyndon B. Johnson to drop his bid for reelection. McCarthy graduated from St. John’s University (Collegeville, Minnesota) in 1935, then taught high school while

Eugene McCarthy was a U.S. senator, whose entry into the 1968 race for the Democratic presidential nomination ultimately led President Lyndon B. Johnson to drop his bid for reelection. McCarthy graduated from St. John’s University (Collegeville, Minnesota) in 1935, then taught high school while

Eugene McCarthy was a U.S. senator, whose entry into the 1968 race for the Democratic presidential nomination ultimately led President Lyndon B. Johnson to drop his bid for reelection. McCarthy graduated from St. John’s University (Collegeville, Minnesota) in 1935, then taught high school while

John McCarthy was an American mathematician and computer scientist who was a pioneer in the field of artificial intelligence (AI); his main research in the field involved the formalization of commonsense knowledge. McCarthy received a bachelor’s degree in mathematics (1948) from the California

Joseph McCarthy was an American politician who served in the U.S. Senate (1947–57), representing Wisconsin, and who lent his name to the term McCarthyism. He dominated the U.S. political climate in the early 1950s through his sensational but unproven charges of communist subversion in high

Joseph McCarthy was an American politician who served in the U.S. Senate (1947–57), representing Wisconsin, and who lent his name to the term McCarthyism. He dominated the U.S. political climate in the early 1950s through his sensational but unproven charges of communist subversion in high

Kevin McCarthy is an American Republican politician and member of the U.S. House of Representatives, who became speaker of the House in January 2023 but was ousted in historic fashion later that year, on October 3. McCarthy is the youngest of three children of a homemaker mother and an assistant

Kevin McCarthy is an American Republican politician and member of the U.S. House of Representatives, who became speaker of the House in January 2023 but was ousted in historic fashion later that year, on October 3. McCarthy is the youngest of three children of a homemaker mother and an assistant

Mary McCarthy was an American critic and novelist whose fiction is noted for its wit and acerbity in analyzing the finer moral nuances of intellectual dilemmas. McCarthy, whose family belonged to all three major American religious traditions—Protestant, Roman Catholic, and Jewish—was left an orphan

Mary McCarthy was an American critic and novelist whose fiction is noted for its wit and acerbity in analyzing the finer moral nuances of intellectual dilemmas. McCarthy, whose family belonged to all three major American religious traditions—Protestant, Roman Catholic, and Jewish—was left an orphan

Melissa McCarthy is an American actress known for roles that highlight her gift for physical comedy and raunchy one-liners. McCarthy was brought up on an Illinois farm. After she graduated from high school, she began performing as a stand-up comic in New York City at such notable clubs as Stand Up

Melissa McCarthy is an American actress known for roles that highlight her gift for physical comedy and raunchy one-liners. McCarthy was brought up on an Illinois farm. After she graduated from high school, she began performing as a stand-up comic in New York City at such notable clubs as Stand Up

Spotlight: Reception: Director Tom McCarthy won an Academy Award for his script (co-written with Josh Singer) for the movie, which won praise not only from critics and audiences but also from the staff of The Boston Globe, which commended the film for the accuracy with which it depicted…

McCarthyism, name given to the period of time in American history that saw U.S. Sen. Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin produce a series of investigations and hearings during the 1950s in an effort to expose supposed communist infiltration of various areas of the U.S. government. The term has since

Linda McCartney was an American photographer and musician who was widely known for her marriage to musician Paul McCartney, a former member of the immensely popular rock band the Beatles. Alongside her work as a photographer, McCartney was a noted animal rights activist and vegetarian, authoring

Linda McCartney was an American photographer and musician who was widely known for her marriage to musician Paul McCartney, a former member of the immensely popular rock band the Beatles. Alongside her work as a photographer, McCartney was a noted animal rights activist and vegetarian, authoring

Linda McCartney was an American photographer and musician who was widely known for her marriage to musician Paul McCartney, a former member of the immensely popular rock band the Beatles. Alongside her work as a photographer, McCartney was a noted animal rights activist and vegetarian, authoring

Paul McCartney is a British vocalist, songwriter, composer, bass player, poet, and painter whose work with the Beatles in the 1960s helped lift popular music from its origins in the entertainment business and transform it into a creative, highly commercial art form. His songwriting collaboration

Paul McCartney is a British vocalist, songwriter, composer, bass player, poet, and painter whose work with the Beatles in the 1960s helped lift popular music from its origins in the entertainment business and transform it into a creative, highly commercial art form. His songwriting collaboration

Stella McCartney is a British fashion designer known primarily for her fur-free and leather-free apparel as well as for her celebrity-studded clientele. Stella McCartney was the daughter of Sir Paul McCartney (a former Beatle) and Linda McCartney, a noted photographer and animal-rights activist.

El Malpais National Monument, high-valley lava flow area, Cibola county, west-central New Mexico, U.S., about 15 miles (24 km) southwest of Grants. The area covered by black lava flow extends about 133 square miles (344 square km), although the monument itself covers 179 square miles (464 square

Aurora, city, Kane and DuPage counties, northeastern Illinois, U.S. It lies on the Fox River, about 40 miles (65 km) west of Chicago. Founded in 1834 by settlers from New York, it was originally known as McCarty’s Mills. A trading point and mill site near a Potawatomi Indian village, the town was

Remembering the American Civil War: George Frederick Root: The Battle-Cry of Freedom; and Harry McCarty: The Bonnie Blue Flag: Every war manifests its spirit in songs. One of the most popular songs of the North was “The Battle-Cry of Freedom,” composed by George Frederick Root, a professional songwriter. The song was written a few hours after Pres. Abraham…

Billy the Kid was an American outlaw who was one of the most notorious gunfighters of the American West. Although he claimed to have killed 21 men, the actual number is likely less than 10. At about age 21, Billy the Kid was gunned down by Sheriff Pat Garrett. Born on New York City’s East Side,

the Yardbirds: bassist Chris Dreja, drummer Jim McCarty, bassist Paul Samwell-Smith, and guitarist Anthony (“Top”) Topham. Later members were Jeff Beck and Jimmy Page.

Maclyn McCarty was an American biologist who, with Oswald Avery and Colin M. MacLeod, provided the first experimental evidence that the genetic material of living cells is composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). McCarty attended Stanford University (B.S., 1933) and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine

Boyz II Men:

Boyz II Men:

Claire McCaskill is an American Democratic politician who represented Missouri in the U.S. Senate from 2007 to 2019. She was the first woman to be elected senator for that state. McCaskill’s family lived in several cities before settling in Columbia, Missouri. She attended the University of

San Quentin State Prison: Early history: …increased during the lease of John F. McCauley, and the state used “force” to assume control of the prison in 1858. The following year McCauley successfully sued to reclaim the seized property. However, his return to San Quentin proved short-lived as he accepted a settlement from California in August 1860…

Rosa Parks was an American civil rights activist whose refusal to relinquish her seat on a public bus precipitated the 1955–56 Montgomery bus boycott in Alabama, which became the spark that ignited the civil rights movement in the United States. Born to parents James McCauley, a skilled stonemason

Molly Pitcher was a heroine of the Battle of Monmouth during the American Revolution. According to legend, at the Battle of Monmouth (June 28, 1778), Mary Hays, wife of artilleryman William Hays, carried water to cool both the cannon and the soldiers in her husband’s battery—hence the nickname

Molly Pitcher was a heroine of the Battle of Monmouth during the American Revolution. According to legend, at the Battle of Monmouth (June 28, 1778), Mary Hays, wife of artilleryman William Hays, carried water to cool both the cannon and the soldiers in her husband’s battery—hence the nickname

Richie McCaw is a New Zealand rugby player who competed in a world-record 148 Test (international) matches and led his country’s national team, the All Blacks, to two Rugby Union World Cups (2011 and 2015). McCaw grew up on his family’s farm in the Hakataramea Valley and played rugby for the local

Winsor McCay was an American newspaper cartoonist who was also a pioneer of animated films. At age 21, McCay started working as a poster and billboard artist for a Chicago company. In 1904, after working as an illustrator and cartoonist for various newspapers in Chicago, in Cincinnati, Ohio, and in

Stanley McChrystal is a U.S. Army general who served as commander of U.S. and NATO forces in Afghanistan (2009–10). McChrystal was born to a military family, and his father attained the rank of major general during the post-World War II occupation of Germany. The younger McChrystal attended the

Anne McClain is an American astronaut who made two flights to the International Space Station (ISS), the first in December 2019 and the second in March 2025. McClain graduated in 2002 from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New York, with a bachelor’s in mechanical and aeronautical

Anne McClain is an American astronaut who made two flights to the International Space Station (ISS), the first in December 2019 and the second in March 2025. McClain graduated in 2002 from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New York, with a bachelor’s in mechanical and aeronautical